This paper investigates the potential of laser scanning data to model forest 3d structure and its spatial pattern. Most of the existing methods for assessing structures in mountain forests are either inventory methods, which cannot be used for spatial assessments over large areas, or methods aimed only at assessing actual wood production. Several new landscape metrics are developed and applied ...

To understand how landscape characteristics affect gene flow in species with diverging ecological traits, it is important to analyze taxonomically related sympatric species in the same landscape using identical methods. Here, we present such a comparative landscape genetic study involving three closely related Hesperid butterflies of the genus Thymelicus that represent a gradient of diverging e...

The combination of remote imagery data, geographic information systems software, and landscape ecology theory provides a unique basis for monitoring and assessing large-scale ecological systems. The unique feature of the work has been the need to develop and interpret quantitative measures of spatial pattern—the landscape indices. This article reviews what is known about the statistical propert...

iran has mountainous landscapes and half of its surface is occupied by highlands. moreover, iran is an arid country and deserts are located at lower altitudes. most metropolitan areas are positioned in mid-altitudes between mountain and desert. cities grow upwardly toward the highlands under pressures of urbanization and desertification. foothill ecotones are a zone between upland mountains and...

Article history: Received 8 August 2007 Received in revised form 6 June 2008 Accepted 5 July 2008 A suite of simple metrics that can be used to analyse three-dimensional data sets is presented. We show how these metrics can be applied to raster-based, ecological mosaics sampled over uniform time intervals, such as might be obtained from a series of photographs or from repeated spatial sampling ...

this study is designed, aiming to detect changes in the composition and configuration of landscape in rasht township between 1989 and 2011. it has been conducted applying synoptic analysis. hence, landscape maps have been generated from three tm satellite images at 1987, 1999 and 2011 applying hybrid classification method. some composition and configuration-based metrics including np, pd, lsi, ...