Anthropogenic forces are projected to lead to warmer temperatures and altered precipitation patterns globally. The impact of these climatic changes on the uptake of carbon by the land surface will, in part, determine the rate and magnitude of these changes. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to climate in the future. Here, we used a fully fa...

Major volcanic events with a high loading of stratospheric aerosol have long been known to cause cooling, but their impact on precipitation has only recently been emphasized, especially as an analog for potential geoengineering of climate. Here, the authors use a coupled atmosphere–ocean–land–vegetation model in conjunction with observations to study the effects of volcanic aerosol on the tropi...

regional impact studies of the future climate change effects are necessary because projected changes in meteorological variables differ from one region to another, and different climate systems can react in varied ways to the same changes. in this study, the effects of climate change on bioclimatic deficiency were compared in two cultivation methods (irrigated and rainfed) in a semi-arid region...

325 Land hydrologic responses to meteorological forcing involve complicated exchanges of moisture and energy between soil, vegetation, snowpack, groundwater, and the overlying atmospheric boundary layer. These exchanges occur in the form of many interactive natural hydrologic processes, including precipitation, snow and soil water melting and freezing, infi ltration, storage and movement of soi...

Mercury is an important pollutant that can be transported globally due to its long lifetime in the atmosphere. Atmosphere-surface exchange is a major process affecting the cycling of mercury in the global environment and its impacts on food webs. We investigate the sensitivities of the air-surface exchange, atmospheric transport, and budget of mercury to projected 2000e2050 changes in climate a...

Weather extremes have harmful impacts on communities around Lake Victoria, where thousands of fishermen die every year because of intense night-time thunderstorms. Yet how these thunderstorms will evolve in a future warmer climate is still unknown. Here we show that Lake Victoria is projected to be a hotspot of future extreme precipitation intensification by using new satellite-based observatio...

Climate change and land-use change are projected to be the two greatest drivers of biodiversity loss over the coming century. Land-use change has resulted in extensive habitat loss for many species. Likewise, climate change has affected many species resulting in range shifts, changes in phenology, and altered interactions. We used a spatially explicit, individual-based model to explore the effe...

[1] This paper analyzes the relation between satellite-based measures of vegetation greenness and climate by land cover type at a regional scale (2 2 grid boxes) between 1982 and 1999. We use the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies (GIMMS) data set to quantify climate-induced changes in terrestrial vegetation. Climatic conditio...

[1] Evidence is strong that the changes observed in the Earth’s globally averaged temperature over the past halfcentury are caused to a large degree by human activities. Efforts to document accompanying precipitation changes in observations have met with limited success, and have been primarily focussed on large-scale regions in order to reduce the relative impact of the natural variability of ...

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Brian Soden. No. of pages in text. (118) Simulating and understanding the anthropogenic changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation is a great challenge in climate change studies. Current climate projections rely primarily on coupled atmosphere-ocean models (CGCMs). Due to limited computational resources...