Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides have become one of the most promising interventions to prevent malaria in highly endemic areas. Despite the large body of experience documenting their health impact and the best way to distribute them, some key practical issues remain unresolved. For example, the duration of effective life of a net under field conditions i...

Many studies have shown the role of agriculture in the selection and spread of resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides. However, no study has directly demonstrated the presence of insecticides in breeding sources as a source of selection for this resistance. It is in this context that we investigated the presence of pesticide residues in breeding habitats and their formal involveme...

The borderline of Iran with Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkey had been considered a malaria free region. However, in 1991, after the independence of the southern countries of the former Soviet Union, a new threat of malaria importation emerged from those countries into Iran, which was affected by serious epidemics of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Various factors can affect malaria resurgence in this r...

In Indian villages with high malaria endemicity use of nylon bednets treated at 25 mg/m2 at 6-month intervals for 3 years caused significant reductions in malaria incidence, slide positivity rate, slide falciparum rate, annual parasite index, and parasite rate in the entire population, as well as reductions in rates of splenomegaly and anemia in children. In villages with untreated nets, consid...

Malaria is one of the most serious vector-borne diseases, affecting millions of people mainly in the tropics. In spite of major efforts undertaken for its control, through drug treatment and vector control, an increase in malaria incidence has occurred in the last 30 years, due to poor socio-economic conditions and development of drug and insecticide resistance in parasites and vectors, respect...

OBJECTIVES To measure the impact on the dengue vector population (Aedes aegypti) and disease transmission of window curtains and water container covers treated with insecticide. DESIGN Cluster randomised controlled trial based on entomological surveys and, for Trujillo only, serological survey. In addition, each site had a non-randomised external control. SETTING 18 urban sectors in Veracru...

In forest and forest fringe settings of northwest Thailand, Anopheles minimus A was found to be the primary vector while An. dirus s./., An. sawadwongporni and An. maculatus s.s. are secondary vectors of malaria. The sites of transmission were investigated entomologically; parallel epidemiological investigations were made by another team. Malaria transmission in the villages in terms of the num...

Malaria is considered to be the most prevalent vectorborne disease worldwide. For its prevention, it is necessary to have an appropriate and timely care program for patients and successful integrated and selective control of the vector species (Rafinejad et al. 2008). This control in highly endemic countries relies largely on one of two main methods: insecticide-treated (mosquito) nets (ITNs) a...