coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. in this study, we compared two surgical methods of left internal mammary artery (lima) anastomosis on left anterior descending (lad) artery in patients with severe diffuse lesions. a total of 40 patients were included in our study and randomly assigned into two groups. in group a, after a long arteriotomy on lad, the posterior sur...

BACKGROUND Left ventricular sympathetic afferent nerves are located mainly in superficial epicardial layers. Reflex excitatory responses mediated by sympathetic afferent nerves have been observed during myocardial ischemia in cats and humans but not in dogs. Previous canine studies have induced ischemia by occlusion of a coronary artery. Extensive collateral circulation in the canine heart may ...

The goal of this paper is to address the problem of evaluating the performance of a system running under unknown values for its stochastic parameters. A new approach called LAD for Simulation, based on simulation and classification software, is presented. It uses a number of simulations with very few replications and record the mean value of directly measurable quantities (called observables). ...

We read with great interest a report by Gallo et al. [1] on a very rare coronary artery anatomy. In a classification of single coronary artery (SCA) by Lipton et al. [2] with modifications by Yamanaka and Hobbs [3], this case refers to the R-IIIC type of SCA. Indeed, there is little discrepancy between terminology and anatomy in this type of SCA, which is very apparent in the present case. Acco...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI), the site of occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is related to the extension of myocardial necrosis and the prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a predictor of the LAD occlusion site in patients with anterior AMI. METHODS Forty-five consec...

OBJECTIVES Internal mammary arteries graft failure in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is mostly considered to be a result of competitive flow (CF) from the native coronary artery, which significantly limits future revascularization options. METHODS With the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) anastomosed to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery using an off-pump technique,...

In anesthetized pigs, we investigated whether asynchrony (Δ T) and nonuniformity (regional differences) in contractility (Δ E) could describe the interaction between normal and stunned myocardium. Mechanical interaction was evaluated by regional postsystolic work (PSW) before and after production of stunning by a 5-min occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery [LCX (LCX stunning)] and a ...

Dual left anterior descending artery (LAD) is rare. A 61-year-old patient was referred because of angina and a positive stress test. Coronary angiography revealed a short LAD originating from the left main coronary artery. Computed tomography showed a long LAD originating above the right coronary artery sinus.

the basal and mid septal segments, corresponding to significant stenoses in the LAD and RCA. (B) Coronary angiography reveals significant stenoses in the LAD and RCA. Figure 2: (A) Myocardial perfusion MRI with SW-CG-HYPR detects perfusion defects in the mid anterior, septal, and inferior segments, corresponding to significant stenoses in the LAD and RCA. (B) DE shows subendocardial hyperenhanc...

Genetic assimilation is a possible neo-Darwininan mechanism for the emer-gence and subsequent refinement of the putative innate human language acqui-sition device (LAD). The LAD, in the weak sense of language-specific inductivebias, is a part of all extant models of grammatical acquisition. A survey of argu-ments and counterarguments for the assimilation of such bias during ...