This document describes requirements for, and the use of, the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control plane in support of the Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) layer 1 inverse multiplexing data plane mechanism and its companion Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS). LCAS can be used for hitless dynamic resizing of the inverse multiplex group. These techniques apply to Optical Tra...

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), described in RFC 3031, is a method for forwarding packets that uses short, fixed-length values carried by packets, called labels, to determine packet next hops. A fundamental co...

요 약 IP 망을 활용한 VPN(Virtual Private Network)에서의 QoS 보장 및 광대역 서비스 제공에 대한 해결 방안으로 차세대 광 인터넷을 통한 OVPN(Optical VPN) 기술이 제시되고 있다. 차세대 광 인터넷의 구현 이 IP/GMPLS(Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching) over DWDM(Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) 프로토콜 프레임워크로 표준화되고 있는 현실에 비추어 볼 때, IP/GMPLS over DWDM 백본망을 통한 OVPN 은 차세대 가상사설망으로써 멀티미디어 서비스 제공을 위한 최적의 방안이 다. 이러한 멀티미디어 서비스 제공을 위한 OVPN 에서는 최적의 Optical-LSP(...

The architecture for Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is described in RFC 3031. A fundamental concept in MPLS is that two Label Switching Routers (LSRs) must agree on the meaning of the labels used to forward traffic between and through them. This common understanding is achieved by using a set of procedures, called a label distribution protocol, by which one LSR informs another of label b...

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document provides a framework for establishing and controlling Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Traffic Engineered (TE) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) in multi-domain networks. For...

This document lists a set of functional requirements that served as input to the design of Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) extensions for setting up point-to-multipoint (P2MP) Label Switched Paths (LSP), in order to deliver point-to-multipoint applications over a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) infrastructure. MPLS working group, but that solution did not closely follow the requirements ...

A network may comprise multiple layers. It is important to globally optimize network resource utilization, taking into account all layers rather than optimizing resource utilization at each layer independently. This allows better network efficiency to be achieved through a process that we call inter-layer traffic engineering. The Path Computation Element (PCE) can be a powerful tool to achieve ...

‎let $g$ be a graph with vertex set $v(g)$ and edge set $x(g)$ and consider the set $a={0,1}$‎. ‎a mapping $l:v(g)longrightarrow a$ is called binary vertex labeling of $g$ and $l(v)$ is called the label of the vertex $v$ under $l$‎. ‎in this paper we introduce a new kind of graph energy for the binary labeled graph‎, ‎the labeled graph energy $e_{l}(g)$‎. ‎it depends on the underlying graph $g$...

Motif parameters were introduced to characterize LER of a nanoscale grating structure. Firstly with electron beam lithography employed the expected nano-scale grating structure with linewidth 16nm was fabricated on positive resist. Then the line edge profiles of the structure were extracted and their LER was characterized. The results showed aforementioned evaluation method is rather simple, ef...

Recently, there has been much research into the specification of dynamic labeling schemes supporting XML updates. The primary design goal of any dynamic labeling scheme is to limit the growth rate in node label size, and consequently increase query performance and reduce update costs. The ability to reuse deleted node labels is a key property in achieving this goal. In this paper, we review the...