AIM This study aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of interferon-free therapy using asunaprevir and daclatasvir, or sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for post living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS A retrospective cohort study of LDLT recipients with HCV genotype 1b treated with asunaprevir (100 mg twice daily) and daclatasvir (60 mg once daily...

Gender Differences in Charitable Giving The predominant part of the literature states that women are more likely to donate to charitable causes but men are more generous in terms of the amount given. The last result generally derives from the focus on mean amount given. This paper examines gender differences in giving focusing on the distribution of amounts donated and the probability of giving...

This essay examines the expansion and diversification of the European university system in the post-war period. The impact of an enormous dimensional growth and of the rise in society's expectations for economic returns are analyzed. We develop a multivariate cluster analysis to group the data on the total European university population according to dimension and scientific research quality mea...

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have potent anti-HCV effects but may provoke resistance-associated variants (RAVs). In this study, we assessed the characteristics of these RAVs and explored efficacious anti-HCV reagents using recombinant HCV with NS5A from a genotype 1b strain. We replaced the NS5A of JFH1 with that of Con1 (JFH1/5ACon1) and introduced known NS5A inh...

1, Inking behavior is a stereotyped response, which can be utilized as a model system to study the neuronal mechanisms underlying simple neuroglandular behaviors. While much is known about the features of the behavior and its motor neurons (2, 811, 20), little is known regarding the sensory neurons and interneurons that drive the motor cells. The present study was undertaken to examine these ad...

Wage Effects of Recruitment Methods: The Case of the Italian Social Service Sector This paper uses a unique data set containing detailed micro-information on organisations, managers, workers and volunteers belonging to public, private forprofit and private nonprofit institutions delivering social services in Italy. The analysis aims to estimate the determinants of wages across organisations at ...

Charitable Giving for Overseas Development: UK Trends over a Quarter Century Charitable giving for overseas development and emergency relief is important in the UK, being about a quarter of the size of government development aid. There has been a strong growth over time, reflecting the activities of development charities and the public response to a series of humanitarian emergencies. This pape...

Credit agents in microfinance institutions (MFIs) must be given incentives to acquire information on potential borrowers and select them in accordance with the MFI’s objectives. We show that while giving incentives has no cost in for-profit MFIs, it is costly in propoor MFIs: When repayment and wealth are positively correlated, a pro-poor MFI cannot obtain the selection of poor clients in the p...

Seawater from the northern Adriatic, with low phosphorus (0.03 WM) and nitrogen (1.0 WM NO3 and 1.0 WM NH4) concentration, was incubated for 12 days in 20-l polycarbonate carboys. The addition of a nutrient mixture (0.6 WM PO4, 5.1 WM NO3, 1.8 WM NH4, 10.6 WM SiO2) induced a strong diatom bloom, reaching 25 Wg l31 Chl a. Primary and bacterial production were stimulated by the initial enrichment...