While a software process is being exe cute d,many errors and problems occur which require to r econsider previously exe cute dprocess steps. In order to handle fe edback in a process management system, several requir ementsne ed to be addr essed: adaptability, human intervention, impact analysis, change prop agation, r estor ation of the work c ontext, and traceability. F eedback management in ...

Papillomas induced by the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) progress at a high frequency to carcinomas. In this regard, CRPV and its tumors can serve as an animal model for highly oncogenic human papillomaviruses. We have previously shown that immunization with major structural protein L1 elicits neutralizing antibodies and protects rabbits from papilloma development (Y.-L. Lin, L.A. Bore...

A diastereoselective Henry reaction of chiral aldehydes with nitroalkanes was developed using a chiral sulfonyldiamine (L1)-CuCl complex. The reaction of (R)-2-phenylpropanal and nitromethane was smoothly catalyzed by the (S,S,S)-L1-CuCl complex to give the adduct with 99/1 syn/anti selectivity in 99% ee. In the reaction of (S)-2-phenylpropanal and nitroethane, the (R,R,R)-L1-CuCl catalyst yiel...

Adult second language learners often show considerable individual variability in the ease with which lexical tones are learned. It is known that factors pertaining to a learner’s first (L1; such as L1 tonal status or tone type) well extralinguistic (such musical experience and working memory) modulate learning facility. However, how L1-specific affect performance together dynamic ways less unde...

BACKGROUND The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway inhibits the activation of T cells and plays a crucial role in the negative regulation of cellular and humoral immune responses. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy in adults. In the present study, we aimed to detect the expression of PD-L1 in DLBCL and to analyz...

We used a baculovirus-based system to prepare structural proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1a. Binding of this preparation to cultured human hepatic cells was both dose dependent and saturable. This binding was decreased by calcium depletion and was partially prevented by ligands of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), thyroglobulin, asialothyroglobulin, and antibody against a p...

The study aimed at investigating whether the retention of vocabulary acquired incidentally is dependent upon the amount of task-induced involvement. Immediate and delayed retention of twenty unfamiliar words was examined in three learning tasks( listening comprehension + group discussion, listening comprehension + dictionary checking + summary writing in L1, and listening comprehension + dictio...

This paper identifies new challenges for knowledge-based planning research by examining the relationship between plans and procedures. Procedures are plan-like data structures containing variables. Typically, one procedure abstracts many plans. Just prior to or during execution, a procedure is selected and instantiated fully according to the prevailing situation. Procedures can be constructed u...

Let R be a real closed field and n ≥ 2. We prove that: (1) for every finite subset F of R, the semialgebraic set R \ F is a polynomial image of R; and (2) for any independent linear forms l1, . . . , lr of R , the semialgebraic set {l1 > 0, . . . , lr > 0} ⊂ R is a polynomial image of R.

Object-oriented languages and rule-based languages ooer two distinct and useful programming abstractions. However, previous attempts to integrate data-driven rules into object-oriented languages have typically achieved an uneasy union at best. R++ is a new, closer integration of the rule-based and object-oriented paradigms that extends C++ with a single programming construct, the path-based rul...