For many people “solidarity” has become a meaningless word used in slogans – too often used without leading to any economic consequences. We show in this paper conditions under which solidarity can be a powerful instrument. In a solidary action, an individual in a group contributes to a series of actions that aims for a reallocation of scarce resources. The willingness to contribute is mainly i...

objectives: it has been noted that stuttering is more prevalent in bilinguals than in monolinguals. the similarities of the languages involved have been mentioned to justify the difference between stuttering prevalence among bilingual and monolingual speakers. the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of language similarities on prevalence of stuttering among kurdish-farsi bilingual st...

The purpose of the present study is to examine third birth dynamics by mother tongue group in Turkey, a country that has reached the advanced stage of its fertility transition. Third-birth intensities of Turkish speaking mothers are lower than Kurdish speaking mothers and the decline in fertility started much later for the latter group. Kurdish speaking women who cannot read and who live in mor...

This study examines the customer satisfaction of the telecommunications service in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The purpose is to identify the key factors that determine the customer satisfaction of the telecommunications services. A conceptual model is specified and a number of hypotheses are tested with a sample of 1,458 Kurdish mobile phone users in 2010. Discrete choice methodology is used to ...

Solidarity is analysed in contradistinction from two adjacent concepts – justice and sympathy. It is argued that unlike the other two, it is essentially local (rather than universal), partial (rather than impartial) and reflective (an emotion mediated by belief and ideology, interest and common cause). Although not to be confused with justice, solidarity is presented as underlying any contract-...

Food insecurity (FI) influences may result in poor physical and mental health outcomes. Minor ethnic group may experience higher level of FI, and this situation may be related with higher depression prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the association of depression with food security status in major (Azeri) and minor (Kurdish) ethnicity living in Urmia, West Azerbaijan, north of I...

This paper analyzes a strategy deployed by the Brazilian Government for combating hunger and poverty: the Solidarity Community (1995-2003), particularly institutional mechanisms used to fine-tune targeting processes and allocate resources to the Food Stocks Distribution Program (PRODEA) and the Undernourished Child and High-Risk Pregnancy Program (PCDMI). Primary data were obtained through inte...

The current study intends to conduct a comparative analysis of modality in English and Behdini-Kurdish. Modality is linguistic category pertaining expressing possibility necessity, among other meanings. paper’s central problem that Behdini-Kurdish learners face difficulty comprehending the notion English, precisely modal auxiliary verbs. primary goals this investigation are define epistemic deo...