This study investigated cross-cultural differences in the privacy regulation and perception of crowding amongtwo Iranian sub-cultures (Kurdish and Northern women).The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether Northern and Kurdish women differed in their desired and achieved levels of privacy in parks. The second purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the d...

Learner autonomy has become the area of interest by many researchers of foreign language learning in the recent years. However, few studies have been done concerning the case of Kurdish learners` autonomy in learning languages. For this reason, the current study addresses this gap. It intends to investigate to what extent Kurdish learners are autonomous in learning English language. The study i...

Editorial staff play an essential role as gatekeepers within professional journalism. Citizen journalism has the potential to depart from routine journalistic practices and allow for more democratic posting of unmoderated content. Nonetheless, many citizen journalism web sites do have an editorial staff and no existing research has explored the contributions of editors to citizen journalism web...

INTRODUCTION: This paper investigates the determinants of citizen participation in community affairs and the role of citizen participation in the effectiveness of local government in decentralized systems of government. We have formulated two specific research questions: (1) What determines citizen participation? (2) Does citizen participation affect actual performance of local governments? For...

SOCIAL CHANGE AND CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN MODEL CITIES Margie Kaminsky Submitted to the Department of City and Regional Planning on May 17, 1968 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of City Planning. The thesis examines citizen involvement and some of the possibilities for its operation within the framework of the national Model Cities program. "Social change" is u...

In this paper we present and evaluate an adaptive, semantic-based framework for monitoring citizen satisfaction from e-government services. The framework has been realized in a system (SALT) which captures the citizen behavior and applies three axes of adaptation: based on previously gathered data from the citizen through questionnaires, based on problems encountered by the citizen and based on...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer has recently increased in post-menopausal Iraqi women. In Western countries at high-risk for breast cancer, there is a bimodal increase in estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors with a peak of low proliferation rate luminal A over higher proliferation rate luminal B tumors after 60 years of age. The aim of this study was to analyze in Iraqi women whether shifts are occu...

To date, little research on pragmatic transfer has considered a multilingual situation where there is an interaction among three different languages spoken by one person. Of interest was whether pragmatic transfer of refusals among three languages spoken by the same person occurs from L1 and L2 to L3, L1 to L2 and then to L3 or from L1 and L1 (if there are more than one L1) to L2. This study ai...