Endogenous peroxidase activity has been demonstrated in sections of rat liver fixed briefly by glutaraldehyde perfusion and incubated in Graham and Karnovsky's medium for cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase activity (29). In 25-40% of sinusoidal cells, an electron-opaque reaction product is localized in segments of the endoplasmic reticulum, including the perinuclear cisternae, a few Golgi...

Thurman, R. G. Mechanisms of Hepatic Toxicity. II. Alcoholic liver injury involves activation of Kupffer cells by endotoxin. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 38): G605–G611, 1998.—It is well known that females show a greater susceptibility to alcohol-induced liver injury than males. Additionally, females who consume alcohol regularly and have been obese for 10 years or more are...

Hypoxia produces sex dimorphic immune responses in males and proestrus females. Because Kupffer cells are the major source of proinflammatory cytokines, studies were conducted to discern IL-6 production in mouse Kupffer cells following hypoxia. Hypoxia enhances TLR4 expression in Kupffer cells irrespective of sex. However, MyD88 and Src expression in Kupffer cells decreased significantly after ...

Kupffer cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). It is believed that alcohol increases the gut permeability that results in raised levels of serum endotoxins containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS binds to LPS-binding proteins and presents it to a membrane glycoprotein called CD14, which then activates Kupffer cells via a receptor called toll-like receptor 4...

Abnormal lipid-mediated hepatic inflammatory-immune dysfunction and chronic low grade inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Macrophage polarization is an important mechanism for the regulation of inflammatory response. Since PPAR-γ has emerged as a master regulator of macrophage polarization, we aimed to investigate the lipid-induc...

The paper is concerned to problem of discovery of macrofage cells present in the liver sinusoid, which are recognized in the world medical literature as Kuppffer cells. On the other hand in Poland the name of professor Tadeusz Browicz is firmly connected with the cells resulting in eponymous Browicz cells. The authors are trying to determine who has priority in this respect; Karl Kupffer, a pro...

Endogenous gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharides have been implicated as important cofactors in the pathogenesis of liver injury. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharides exert their effect are not entirely clear. Recent studies have pointed to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha as mediators of hepatocyte injury. Within the liver, Kupffer cel...

Resident macrophages (i.e., Kupffer cells) are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and are primarily responsible for the removal from plasma of oxidized forms of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The therapeutic potential of Kupffer cell expression of a transgene encoding paraoxonase-1 (PON1), whose plasma activity correlates with the protection from atherosclerosis, was examined in mice ...

Chronic inflammation drives liver cancer pathogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Liver Kupffer cells have crucial roles in mediating the inflammatory processes that promote liver cancer, but the mechanistic basis for their contributions are not fully understood. Here we show that expression of the proinflammatory myeloid cell surface receptor TREM-1 expressed by Kupffer cells is a crucial facto...

During proinflammatory reactions such as endotoxemia, ischemia-reperfusion and immune reactions, excessive amounts of cytokines and prostanoids are released resulting in liver injury. In the liver, Kupffer cells are the primary source of cytokines and prostanoids. Obliteration of Kupffer cells prevents experimentally-induced liver damage, suggesting a major role for Kupffer in the pathogenesis ...