In nature, our biological world consists of many species of biological contents such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, etc. We frequently ask a question: “Which is first, egg or chicken?” In the evolution of life, we also encounter a similar question: “Which is first, RNA, DNA, or protein?” or “How do they co-evolute?” In such biological systems, a theory of co-evolution of biopolymers is necessary. H...

To complete their life cycle, freshwater mussels of the order Unionida depend on fishes as hosts for obligatory parasitic larval phase, glochidium. Here we report first documentation gobioid glochidia unionid in wild Italy and southern Europe (outside Danube drainage area). We also examined pattern attached glochidia. A recent review reported 326 fish species suitable unionids, but only eight (...

Jelen közlemény a Hernád menti kurgánok mohaflorisztikai vizsgálatának eredménye­it ismerteti. Összesen 41 taxon (1 májmoha és 40 lombosmoha) azonosítása történt meg vizsgált kilenc kunhalomról. Előfordulásuk száma alapján Brachythecium rutabulum, Tortulaacaulon var.acaulon Barbula unguiculata bizonyultak leggyakoribb mohafajoknak. További érdekes taxonok sírhalmokról: Acaulon muticum, triquetr...

Five new regional records of the rock lizards in Caucasus are described. The distribution Darevskia alpina (Darevsky, 1967) on northern slope Mount Elbrus has been detailed: species was found Emmanuel glade and gorge Kyzylkol River. easternmost record D. is located upper stream Cherek Bezengi River Kabardino-Balkaria. caucasica vedenica (Darevsky et Roitberg, 1999) first territory Dagestan area...

SummaryThe Near Eastern species of Leptodirini (from Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Southwestern Russia, Syria and Turkey) are reviewed. The new monospecific genus Mixanigia n. gen. is described for faillei sp. Huetheriella pinargozu described. Catopsinus (Motschulsky, 1868) resurrected four previously placed in Bathysciola Jeannel, 1910: cavazzutii (Giachino, 1996) comb., C. lindberg...