External installation of steel braces is an effective approach to increase the lateral load resistance moment-resisting frames. However, effects existence on robustness frames resist progressive collapse still not clear because little study has been carried out. To fill this gap, in paper, six multistory subframes (three bare and three braced frames) were fabricated tested. Test results indicat...

During the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, the infill wall is usually simplified as a diagonal inclined strut to facilitate finite element modeling calculations. However, the actual seismic damage and single frame-filled wall pushover experimental results show that when the earthquake shear force is huge, the top of the infill wall and the beam–column connections are usually, thus t...

Nowadays, in order to increase construction of tall structures, the importance choosing optimum systems, with a huge energy absorption capacity against wind and earthquake loads, has been widely considered. Since four decades ago, steel shear walls had used as stiff high performance lateral system. This study is about effect concrete filled tubes (CFT) columns vertical boundary elements wall on...

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee, with mild-to-moderate tears often going unreported to physicians. Medial collateral ligament injuries can result from both contact and noncontact sporting activities. The mainstay of treatment is nonoperative; however, operative management of symptomatic grade II and grade III injuries is considered when l...

Decreases in patellofemoral pain have been demonstrated with bracing; however, the mechanisms of pain reduction remain unclear. Our purpose was to evaluate the hypothesis that patellofemoral bracing decreases peak pressure on the retropatellar surface through an increase in patellofemoral contact area. Nine cadaveric knees were tested during simulated free-speed walking with no brace, a knee sl...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that individuals who respond favorably to bracing will exhibit decreased patellofemoral joint stress during stair ambulation. DESIGN A repeated-measures, cross-sectional study. BACKGROUND Ascending and descending stairs is one of the most painful activities of daily living for persons with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Although patellar bracing has been shown t...

In a spring-mass model (Figure 1-A), the stiffness of the leg spring (leg stiffness; Kleg) is thought to be an important factor in musculoskeletal performance in hopping, running and jumping [1]. Despite the fact that many athletic activities are performed with joint stabilizers, little is known about the Kleg with ankle and/or knee braces. A previous study demonstrated that neither ankle tapin...

Knee injuries represent the most common problem facing the sports medicine community. As sports participation continues to increase, so does the likelihood of sustaining a debilitating knee impairment. Thus, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of these injuries are important to both the athlete and the treating physician. Surgery is often a viable option; however, most of these injuries a...

Pain from knee osteoarthritis creates a significant burden for symptomatic patients, who are often forced to change their lifestyle because of their symptoms. Activity modification, therapy, weight loss, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, shoe orthotics, bracing, and injections are the nonoperative options available. New technologies are also emerging in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis....