abstract background: zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in iran. wild rodents play as a reservoir. the main aim of this study was to determine spatial analyses of the relationship between rodent’s active burrows and incidence of zcl in golestan province, north east of iran . methods : the cross-sectional study was conducted in 59 rural dist...

Abstract This paper provides a broad overview of spatial, architectural, and sensory relationships between rats humans on British American vessels from approximately the 1850s–1950s. Taking as my primary historical actors, I show how attempted to prevent movement these animals ports across three periods. Firstly, mid- to- late-nineteenth century, where few attempts were made boarding ships, mul...

World food shortages become more acute each year, and all too often, rodents are present to take their unwarranted share. To counter this, we must refine our rodent control methods to make them more efficient. To this end, correct bait selection is essential. Grain baits must be selected for purity and acceptability. Grain alterations must be carefully controlled, as well as any additives. Mult...

Current reactive pest management methods have serious drawbacks such as the heavy reliance on chemicals, emerging genetic rodenticide resistance and high secondary exposure risks. Rodent control needs to be based on pest species ecology and ethology to facilitate the development of ecologically based rodent management (EBRM). An important aspect of EBRM is a strong understanding of rodent pest ...

1. Biotic resistance is a commonly invoked hypothesis to explain why most exotic plant species naturalize at low abundance. Although numerous studies have documented negative impacts of native consumers on exotic plant performance, longer-term multi-generation studies are needed to understand how native consumer damage to exotics translates to their population-level suppression over large lands...