For two independent L\'{e}vy processes $\xi$ and $\eta$ an exponentially distributed random variable $\tau$ with parameter $q>0$ that is of $\eta$, the killed exponential functional given by $V_{q,\xi,\eta} := \int_0^\tau \mathrm{e}^{-\xi_{s-}} \, \mathrm{d} \eta_s$. With arising as stationary distribution a Markov process, we calculate infinitesimal generator process use it to derive different...

This study compared the immunomodulating properties of viable and killed Yersinia enterocolitica O9 in BALB/c mice. At 10 days after infection by the intragastric route, ex vivo assays showed a suppression of spleen cell proliferation in response to Salmonella lipopolysaccharide, concanavalin A and heat-killed yersiniae. Mice infected with Y. enterocolitica O9 for 10 days resisted the challenge...

The death of the English National Health Service (NHS) has been pronounced many times over the years, but the time and cause of death and the murder weapon remains to be fully established. This article reviews some of these claims, and asks for clearer criteria and evidence to be presented.

We describe and implement a novel methodology for Monte Carlo simulation of one-dimensional killed diffusions. The proposed estimators represent an unbiased and efficient alternative to current Monte Carlo estimators based on discretization methods for the cases when the finitedimensional distributions of the process are unknown. For barrier option pricing in finance, we design a suitable Monte...

A previous investigation had shown that the protein and polysaccharide components of enteric bacteria can be separated by heating the cells in a watery suspension at 80" for I h (Roberts, 1949). In continuation of this work the protein of Bacterium coli was fed to rats and guinea-pigs and it was found that if the diet satisfied the peculiar vitamin requirements of the experimental animals, as, ...