As the number of systems which offer annotations on digital documents increases, robust anchoring of annotations is a key challenge. It is especially important if the annotator lacks write-access to the document being annotated. For example, if someone makes an annotation on a web page today and the web page changes tomorrow, what happens to the annotation? One approach is simply to “orphan” th...

we report five cases of duplicated external ear canal with especial attention to its histology and surgical care of facial nerve for their complete resection. these five patients were selected from 50 cases of first bronchial cleft anomalies including atretic external ear canals, preauricular fistula, cyst and sinuses. the characteristic histopathology and clinical features such as external ope...

This paper discusses multiple unit auctions for industrial procurement where the cost structures of suppliers capture economies and diseconomies of scale caused by the nature of the production cost and the opportunity value of suppliers capacities. The problem of winner determination and demand allocation is proven to be NP-complete. We propose a binary tree algorithm with bounds (BTB) which ef...

We investigate the effect of fund size on performance among active mutual funds. We first document that fund returns, both before and after management fees, decline with fund size, even after adjusting performance by various benchmarks and controlling for other fund characteristics such as turnover and age. We then explore a number of potential explanations for this relationship. We find that t...

Abstract The level of diseconomies scale in asset management has important implications for tests manager skill and the expected performance persistence. To identify causal impact fund size on future returns, we exploit fact that small differences returns can cause discrete changes Morningstar ratings that, turn, generate size. Using our regression discontinuity approach, find significantly inc...