A framing of an oriented trivial bundle is a homotopy class of sections of the associated oriented frame bundle. This paper is a study of the framings of the tangent bundle τM of a smooth closed oriented 3-manifold M , often referred to simply as framings of M . We shall also discuss stable framings and 2-framings of M , that is framings of ε ⊕ τM (where ε is an oriented line bundle) and 2τM = ...

It is well-known that a knot in a contact manifold (M, C) transverse to a trivialized contact structure possesses the natural framing given by the first of the trivialization vectors along the knot. If the Euler class eC ∈ H (M) of C is nonzero, then C is nontrvivializable and the natural framing of transverse knots does not exist. We construct a new framing-type invariant of transverse knots c...

This paper discusses results from research related to the use of television as a device that supports social interaction between close-knit groups in settings that include more than two locations, each location being potentially equipped with more than one camera. The paper introduces the notion of a framing experience, as a specific scenario or situation within which social communication takes...

Framing effect is a cognitive bias referring to the phenomenon that people respond differently to different but objectively equivalent descriptions of the same problem. By measuring event-related potentials, the present study aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the framing effect, especially how the negative and positive frames influence the outcome processing in our brain. Pa...

Empirically observed cognitive biases raise a challenge for the more formal and normative approach to rationality. Logicians, when facing these cases, can be led to reflect on some basic principles of theirs. Framing effects have been defined in terms of an intensional phenomenon (Schick, 1997). Framing effects can basically be defined as such: they occur when equivalent descriptions of a decis...

Framing, the effect of context on cognitive processes, is a prominent topic of research in psychology and public opinion research. Research on framing has traditionally relied on controlled experiments and manually annotated document collections. In this paper we present a method that allows for quantifying the relative strengths of competing linguistic frames based on corpus analysis. This met...

Many previous experiments document that behavior in multi-person settings responds to the name of the game and the labeling of strategies. With a few exceptions, these studies cannot tell whether frames affect preferences or beliefs. In three large experiments, we investigate whether social framing effects are also present in Dictator games. Since only one of the subjects makes a decision, the ...

This study reports on an experiment that examined the framing effect on online consumer purchase intention. A 2 (attribute framing: positive/negative) x 2 (warning: text-based/graphic-based) x 2 (brand familiarity: familiar/unfamiliar) x 2 (product type: utilitarian/hedonic product) online experiment was conducted. The results demonstrate a significant framing effect, in that subjects in the po...

Historically, research examining the influence of individual personality factors on decision processing has been sparse. In this paper we investigate how one important individual aspect, self-esteem, influences imposition and subsequent processing of ambiguously, negatively or positively framed decision tasks. We hypothesized that low self-esteem individuals would impose a negative frame onto a...