The electron temperature gradient mode has been proposed to be a source of experimentally relevant electron thermal transport, via a variety of nonlinear phenomena such as the generation of streamers. The question of streamer stability and saturation is revisited, with the effects of geometry and perturbation stability highlighted. It is shown that the streamer saturation level is not determine...

A new theoretical mechanism is developed in which large-scale equatorial Kelvin waves can modify their speed through dispersion and interaction with other large-scale equatorial waves, such as Yanai or Rossby modes, through topographic resonance. This resonance mechanism can prevent the breaking of a propagating nonlinear Kelvin wave, slow down its speed, and concentrate most of its energy in l...

Mineral properties in Earth's lower mantle are affected by iron electronic states, but representative pressures and temperatures have not yet been probed. Spin states of iron in lower-mantle ferropericlase have been measured up to 95 gigapascals and 2000 kelvin with x-ray emission in a laser-heated diamond cell. A gradual spin transition of iron occurs over a pressure-temperature range extendin...

Wall displacements and ground pressure acting on the lining of a tunnel increase with time. These time-dependent deformations are both due to face advance effect and to the time-dependent behavior of the rock mass.  Viscoelastic materials exhibit both viscous and elastic behaviors. Thorough this study, the effect of different linear viscoelastic models including Maxwell, Kelvin and Kelvin-Voigt...

In this paper, we have modeled the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability (KHI) problem of an incompressible two-phase immiscible fluid in a stratified inviscid shear flow with interfacial tension using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The time dependent evolution of the two-fluid interface over a wide range of Richardson number (Ri) and for three different density ratios is numerically inve...

Significant climate anomalies persist through the summer (June-August) after El Nino dissipates in spring over the equatorial Pacific. They include the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) sea surface temperature (SST) warming, increased tropical tropospheric temperature, an anomalous anticyclone over the subtropical Northwest Pacific, and increased Meiyu-Baiu rainfall over East Asia. The cause of these...

The study of the thermal radio emission of the moon and planets began in 1946 with the detection of the thermal radiation of the moon at 1.25cm wavelength by Dicke and Beringer [1]. This was followed three years later by a comprehensive series of observations of the radiation from the moon at 1.25cm wavelength over three lunar cycles by Piddington and Minnett [2] showing that the thermal radiat...

Let us consider first a heuristic derivation of an equation for the sea surface temperature in the East Pacific, which will be followed by a more rigorous derivation in the following sections. Assume that the East Pacific SST affects the atmospheric heating and thus the central Pacific wind speed. The resulting wind stress, in turn, excites equatorial Kelvin and Rossby ocean waves. These waves ...

Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) made important contributions to the study of atmospheric electricity during a brief but productive period from 1859–1861. By 1859 Kelvin had recognised the need for “incessant recording” of atmospheric electrical parameters, and responded by inventing both the water dropper equaliser for measuring the atmospheric potential gradient (PG), and photographic data loggi...

The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in superfluids is discussed, based on the first experimental observation of such instability at the interface between superfluid He-A and superfluid He-B [1]. We discuss why the Kelvin-Helmholtz criterion, the Landau critical velocity for nucleation of ripplons, and the free energy consideration all give different values for the instability treshold. 1 Classical...