The adaptive humoral immune response is responsible for the generation of antimicrobial proteins known as immunoglobulin molecules or antibodies. Immunoglobulins provide a defense system against pathogenic microbes and toxins by targeting them for removal and/or destruction. Historically, antibodies have been thought to be composed of distinct structural domains known as the variable and consta...

This paper revisits conceptual neighborhood graphs for the topological relations between two regions, in order to bridge from the A-B-C neighborhoods defined for interval relations in R to region relations in R and on the sphere S. A categorization of deformation types—built from same and different positions, orientations, sizes, and shapes—gives rise to four different neighborhood graphs. They...

Detailed image annotation necessary for reliable image retrieval involves not only annotating the image as a single artifact, but also annotating specific objects or regions within the image. Such detailed annotation is a costly endeavor and the available annotated image data are quite limited. This paper explores the feasibility of using image captions from scientific journals for the purpose ...