Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is a numeric index that is of great importance in measuring productivity and its changes. In recent years, tools like DEA have been utilized for determining MPI. In the present paper, some models are recommended for calculating MPI when there are just ratio data available. Then, using DEA and DEA-R, some models are proposed under the constant returns to scale ...

just war theory can be found in almost all major cultures. but since war was a business that could not be easily stopped, some aimed to constrain it. in its classic form, just war theory has been around for several centuries—ever since nationhood in europe replaced provincial governments. having made some introductory considerations, i will ask: should just war theory be left as it is, changed,...

It has become increasingly important for educators to examine successful ICT implementations with the aim of understanding precisely what makes them successful in teaching and learning. In this study, an analysis of data from qualitative case studies of four Canadian schools illuminates factors that facilitate successful ICT implementation. Findings suggest that informal ICT education, such as ...