BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the coordination strategy of maximal-effort horizontal jumping in comparison with vertical jumping, using the methodology of computer simulation. METHODS A skeletal model that has nine rigid body segments and twenty degrees of freedom was developed. Thirty-two Hill-type lower limb muscles were attached to the model. The excitation-contra...

Frogs are animals that are capable of locomotion in two physically different media, aquatic and terrestrial. A comparison of the kinematics of swimming frogs in a previous study revealed a difference in propulsive impulse between jumping and swimming. To explore this difference further, we determined the instantaneous forces during propulsion in swimming using an impulse-momentum approach based...

In this article, we study the jumping numbers of an ideal in the local ring at rational singularity on a complex algebraic surface. By understanding the contributions of reduced divisors on a fixed resolution, we are able to present an algorithm for finding of the jumping numbers of the ideal. This shows, in particular, how to compute the jumping numbers of a plane curve from the numerical data...

Recently we found that the marked behavioral difference between isolated and grouped rats occurred under foot shock situations by measuring frequency of jumping behavior in rats (Nishikawa and Tanaka, 1978). We also postulated by the results of methamphetamine administration and the behavioral findings that catecholaminergic hyperactivity especially receptor supersensitivity might play a role i...

Coalescence-induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces with different initial positions was numerically simulated using the 2D multi-relaxation-time (MRT) Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Simulation results show that for coalesced droplets radii close to structure length scale, change of leads a significant deviation velocity and direction. By finely tuning flat-pillared surface, perpe...

[1] A dynamically driven mechanism occurring above severe thunderstorms is described, which can explain the jumping cirrus phenomenon. A three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic cloud model is used to perform numerical simulation of a supercell that occurred in Montana in 1981. The jumping cirrus phenomenon is reproduced in the simulated storm. Analysis of the model results shows that the jumping cirr...

A Preble's meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) parasitized by five grey flesh fly (Wohlfahrtia vigil) larvae was discovered at the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado (USA), in June 1998. This is the first documented case of grey flesh fly parasitism of jumping mice (Family Dipodidae). The lesion was approximately 6 mm wide and was partially hidden under a m...