The existing experimental evidence suggests that organic matrix composites sustain less impact damage when an electric field is applied. The intricate interaction of an electrical field and mechanical load is governed by coupling of the mechanical and electromagnetic fields via the Lorentz force as well as by the processes undergoing at the microscopic level: Joule heat, fiber-matrix interface ...

Q-switched output of 1.1 J per pulse at 2-micron wavelength has been achieved in a diode pumped Ho:Tm:LuLF laser using a side-pumped rod configuration in a Master-Oscillator-Power-Amplifier (MOPA) architecture. This is the first time that a 2-micron laser has broken the Joule per pulse barrier for Q-switched operation. The total system efficiency reaches 5% and 6.2% for single and double pulse ...

In this study, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of methoxy-poly (ethylene-glycol)-silane (mPEG-sil) was used to modify the silicon dioxide surface of polysilicon nanodevices (PNDs) to act as a passivation layer that inhibits nonspecific binding of proteins and reduces localized Joule heating power. Selective modifications of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS), NHS-biotin and dye-labeled Stre...

When a black hole is enclosed in cavity asymptotically flat space, an effective volume can be introduced, and pressure further defined as its conjugate variable. By this means, extended phase space constructed cavity, which resembles that the anti-de Sitter (AdS) many aspects. However, there are still some notable dissimilarities simultaneously. In work, Joule--Thomson (JT) effect of holes, wid...

Accurate knowledge of thermophysical properties is needed to predict and optimize the thermal performance of microsystems. Thermal conductivity is experimentally determined by measuring quantities such as voltage or temperature and then inferring a thermal conductivity from a thermal model. Thermal models used for data analysis contain inherent assumptions, and the resultant thermal conductivit...

BACKGROUND Focused-image ultrasonography produces controlled waves that image dermal and subdermal structures in real time, with precise thermal coagulation points in a linear pattern, for eventual nonsurgical lifting. OBJECTIVES The authors evaluate the effectiveness of single and dual planes of ultrasound treatment by varying the directions of treatment lines, depths, and cumulative joule e...

[1] The ionospheric feedback instability has been invoked as a possible mechanism for the formation of narrow auroral arcs. This instability can excite eigenmodes of both field line resonances and the ionospheric Alfvén resonator, producing narrow-scale structures. Although the basic dispersion relation of this instability has been discussed for both of these cases, the energetics of this insta...

The influence of the solar proton event (SPE) 14– 16 July 2000 on Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) is examined. PMSE were observed by the Esrange VHF MST Radar (ESRAD) at 6753 N, 2106 E. The 30 MHz Imaging Riometer for Ionospheric Studies IRIS in Kilpisjärvi (6930 N, 2047 E) registered cosmic radio noise absorption caused by ionisation changes in response to the energetic particle precipit...

0026-2714/$ see front matter 2009 Published by doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2009.03.001 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 3573 1814; fax: E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Chen). Three dimensional thermo-electrical analysis was employed to simulate the current density and temperature distributions for eutectic SnAg solder bumps with shrinkage bump sizes. It was found that the current crowdin...

Joule heating and negative dielectrophoresis, caused by AC electric fields in a microchannel, have been employed for cloud point extraction of phospholipid as a model of membrane-associated biomolecules.