This paper investigates the occupational attainment and job mobility of permanent ruralto-urban migrants and compares them with migrants who were born with an urban hukou. Using data from the 2003 China General Social Survey, we examine how much of the gaps in occupational-prestige scores between ruraland urban-born migrants can be explained by differences in observable characteristics up to th...

Job Durations with Worker and Firm Specific Effects: MCMC Estimation with Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data We study job durations using a multivariate hazard model allowing for worker-specific and firm-specific unobserved determinants. The latter are captured by unobserved heterogeneity terms or random effects, one at the firm level and another at the worker level. This enables us to decompo...

This paper examines the role of parents in helping children secure employment in South Africa. I use longitudinal data on young South Africans to examine the covariance of children’s employment with parent’s usefulness in job search. I find that fathers serve as useful network connections to their sons (and not daughters), but that mothers do not seem to be useful network connections for any of...

Outsourcing, Public Input Provision and Policy Cooperation This paper concerns public input provision as an instrument for redistribution under international outsourcing by using a model-economy comprising two countries, North and South, where firms in the North may outsource part of their low-skilled labor intensive production to the South. We consider two interrelated issues: (i) the incentiv...

Scarring Effects of Remaining Unemployed for Long-Term Unemployed School-Leavers This study investigates whether and to what extent further unemployment experience for youths who are already long-term unemployed imposes a penalty on subsequent labor market outcomes. We propose a flexible method for analyzing the effect on wages aside of transitions from unemployment and employment within a mult...

We review the empirical literature that estimates the causal effect of parent’s schooling on child’s schooling, and conclude that estimates differ across studies. We then consider three explanations for why this is: (a) idiosyncratic differences in data sets; (b) differences in remaining biases between different identification strategies; and (c) differences across identification strategies in ...

Intergenerational Earnings Mobility and Preferences for Redistribution This paper analyzes the extent to which intergenerational upward and downward mobility in earnings are related to individuals’ preferences for redistribution. A novel survey question from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study – whether the taxes paid by unskilled workers are too high, adequate or too low – are used to elicit...

Escherichia coli bacterial cells of two strains JM109 and K12 J62 were imaged with atomic force microscopy (AFM) in different environmental conditions. The AFM results show that the two strains have considerable difference in the surface morphology. At the same time after rehydration both strains show the loss of the topographic features and increase in lateral and vertical dimensions. Results ...

In the standard Harris–Todaro framework, migration flows arise as disequilibrium driven movements of the population. It is the purpose of this research to modify the simple dualistic model in order to account for the existence of permanent migrants, i.e., of individuals who work in another country without changing their original nationality. Or, in the rural–urban interpretation of the model, o...