Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy in adults, and its pathophysiology remains unclear. Layer II stellate cells of the entorhinal cortex, which are hyperexcitable in animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy, provide the predominant synaptic input to the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Previous studies have ascribed the hyperexcitability of layer II stellate cells to GABAergic i...

We recorded direct-current extracellular electrograms simultaneously from 60 left ventricular epicardial sites in 38 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs during repeated, 5 min coronary arterial occlusions. In each dog recordings made during control occlusions were compared with those made in occlusions after, or during, the following interventions on the sympathetic nervous system: left stellate...

Population genetic structure of stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) in 197 adult specimens from four fishery regions along the Iranian coastline of the southern Caspian Sea was investigated using microsatellite markers. Out of 15 microsatellite primers, 11 loci were produced, in which 10 of them were polymorphic and 1 was monomorph. Totally, 184 alleles were identified and on average 13.1 a...

The effects of stocking density of eggs and larvae were studied related to the morphological deformities appearance, percentage of survival, and growth rate, in order to achieve the most suitable stocking density for eggs and larvae in incubators and rearing tanks. The egg stocking densities were 500, 700 and 900 g per incubator for great sturgeon, 500 and 1000g per incubator for Persian sturge...

The vasculature plays a critical role in multiple physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. A number of recent advances have led to renewed focus on the vasculature in the liver. In patients with chronic liver disease, 3 general vascular beds are of importance. These include the peripheral vasculature, the mesenteric vascular bed, and the intrahepatic microcirculatory unit; abnormalities exis...

The physiological activities of organs are underpinned by an interplay between the distinct cell types they contain. However, little is known about the genetic control of patterned cell differentiation during organ development. We show that the conserved Teashirt transcription factors are decisive for the differentiation of a subset of secretory cells, stellate cells, in Drosophila melanogaster...

The liver parenchyma is populated by hepatocytes and several nonparenchymal cell types, including Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells. Both Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells are responsive to the chemokine CCL2, but the precise roles of CCL2 and these cells in liver tumor formation remain undefined. Hence, we investigated the effects of the lack of the major CCL2 receptor, CCR2, on ...

Ultrasound guidance for pain interventions is becoming increasing recognized as a useful imaging tool. One of the common interventions where it is gaining wider acceptance is during the performance of a stellate ganglion block. The following is a unique report where intravascular and neuronal injury occurred during the performance of an ultrasound guided stellate ganglion block followed by dysp...

Hepatic stellate cells are believed to play a key role in the development of liver fibrosis. Several studies have reported that bone marrow cells can give rise to hepatic stellate cells. We hypothesized that hepatic stellate cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells. To test this hypothesis, we generated chimeric mice by transplantation of clonal populations of cells derived from single e...