The main objectives of this study were to investigate vernacular passive cooling techniques and their potential application for improving indoor thermal comfort of naturally ventilated, modern brick terraced houses in Malaysia. Field measurement was conducted in two traditional timber Malay houses and two traditional masonry Chinese shophouses to examine their indoor thermal environments. The r...

The courtyard is one of the architectural features used in ancient times for many purposes, such as climate modifiers, a place family gatherings, and playground children. Over time, gradually disappeared, it no longer has special presence residential buildings. study deals with exploring courtyards old modern buildings central region Kingdom Saudi Arabia, which was characterized by its strong t...

Sustainable passive design strategies can reduce the energy consumption of buildings. In this regard, inner courtyards act as microclimate modifiers that enhance perception comfort in surrounding environment. The present study, through a pooled analysis experimental and numerical data, intends to assess beneficial effect have reducing buildings, especially for cooling demand. Accordingly, new m...


 Pesan moral menjadi salah satu pesan yang sering disampaikan melalui lirik lagu. Masalah sangat penting untuk dikaji, karena banyaknya kasus berkaitan dengan rendahnya seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji (1) bentuk-bentuk pada lagu Kanjuruhan karya Iwan Fals, (2) makna dan (3) konteks Fals. menggunakan metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yaitu Dta berup...

W hen asked to define t h e “ s p a c e s f o r learning” on campus, most in higher education identify the classrooms or laboratories. These “formal” spaces are usually controlled via parameters such as scheduling requirements, set hours of use, set number of seats, and predetermined learning activity patterns such as lectures or discussions. Though classrooms and laboratories come first to min...