BACKGROUND Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic that is often used in conjunction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The effect of coadministration of tramadol and indomethacin on gastric barrier function in dogs is unknown. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES That coadministration of a nonselective NSAID (indomethacin) and tramadol would decrease recovery of barrier function as compar...

BACKGROUND Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with opioid and nonopioid properties, which extensively used in the relief of mild to moderate pain. Tramadol poisoning is a common cause of acute pharmaceutical poisoning in Iran. There are a few studies about clinical and laboratory findings related to acute tramadol poisoning. Therefore, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical...

Tramadol is used in both human and veterinary medicine to treat postoperative pain. In human subjects, variation in metabolism of tramadol has led to inconsistent analgesia in some individuals. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate tramadol as a sole postoperative analgesic and to compare drug plasma concentration to clinical pain score. A high or low dose of tramadol was randomly as...

BACKGROUND/AIM To compare the effects of tramadol-only treatment and tramadol + gabapentin treatment in patients who had received an epidural steroid injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with hernia disc-originated acute lumbar discogenic pain were evaluated. All patients received a single dose of steroid and local anesthesia mixture epidurally via the lumbar approach. In both grou...

Treatment strategies of back pain are variable. We describe an unusual case of polyuria and erectile dysfunction with a short-term tramadol use. A 29-year-old man presented to our clinic with worsening lower back pain. After poor control of his pain on Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol was prescribed. After 3 days of starting tramadol, he experienced significant polyuria and erect...

The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its metabolite M1 after intravenous and intramuscular administration to llamas. Tramadol, a centrally acting analgesic whose efficacy is a result of complex interactions between opiate, adrenergic and serotonin receptor systems, has been used clinically to treat moderate to severe pain in humans. The pharmacokinetic...

We have compared codeine and tramadol in a prospective, double-blind study of postoperative analgesia in 75 patients after elective intracranial surgery. Twenty-five patients received codeine 60 mg, tramadol 50 mg or tramadol 75 mg i.m. Patients receiving codeine had significantly lower pain scores over the first 48 h after operation (P < 0.0001). Although there was no difference in visual anal...

We report an unusual case of respiratory depression and prolonged apnea after a single, 50-mg intravenous dose of tramadol. Shortly after an uneventful surgery and anesthesia, the patient was administered intravenous tramadol. Soon after the tramadol injection, the patient became apneic, did not respond to verbal command, and started exhibiting oxygen desaturation. He was quickly administered 1...

Electrochemical oxidation of tramadol at pencil graphite electrode has been investigated using cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetric techniques. In pH 9.2 phosphate buffer, tramadol showed an irreversible oxidation peak at 0.77 V. The dependence of the current on pH, concentration and scan rate was investigated to optimize the experimental conditions for the determination of t...

Contents 6 7 This dissertation is based on the following original publications, which will be referred to in the text by their Roman numerals I-V. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of oxycodone and morphine in postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Efficacy and side effects of tramadol versus oxycodone for patient-controlled analgesia after maxillofacial surgery. Comparison of i...