nature and the attitude towards nature have been two fundamental concepts historically used in interpretation of world, science and arts resulting to various definitions during different periods of human thought.nature and the attitude towards nature have been two fundamental concepts historically used in interpretation of world, science and arts resulting to various definitions during differen...

to explain the strategic plan to achieve a new islamic civilization in its various fields and dimensions, a general and scientific structure must be exploited which in accordance with facts of existence from the universe and of human being. this research believes that this general structure along with its entire steps, resources and the foundations of every single one of those steps has been di...

the issue of urban decline in city centers and horizontal expansion of the city and its consequences is a challenge in sustainable development of the cities. in this regard, new approaches were shaped to define career planning, urban design and urban environmental quality concerns in new-urbanism pattern. the critical approach to modern urban pattern was formed based on scattered, non-human and...

Modernist ontologies of water physically materialise in Phoenix’s landscape: over 100 miles canals convey to the suburban grid, where thousands gallons are piped into backyard swimming pools. The canal and pool thus joined architectural folly move, hold, control service sustaining belief that dry ecologies but supply chain problems need engineering solutions. These typologies reveal longstandin...

The stretched scope of urbanism, with its large range of inputs drawn from various disciplines, seems to create confusion about the nature and the form of an education in urbanism at university level. We verify the existence of several communities of practice who value practice and theory differently. Assessing the work of students becomes an arduous task, because different communities of pract...