Since artificial neural networks (ANNs) can approximate any function, they have been applied in many fields including hydrology. In hydrology, there are important issues such as flood estimation and predicting rainfall-runoff in a certain area. In this presentation, we briefly introduce a popular feed-forward neural network model, so called “multi-layer perceptron (MLP)”, and review its applica...

lysogeny, transduction, radiation effects, genetic expression, and comparative aspects. Stent's real purpose in writing the book is probably revealed in a statement at the end of the seventh chapter in which he states that it has fallen to the students of the bacteriophage to bridge the gap between chemistry and genetics-hence the term "molecular genetics" and, no doubt, the title of his text. ...

Integration of GIS and hydrologic models has been a common approach for monitoring our ever-changing hydrologic system. One important issue in adapting such an approach is to ensure the right correspondence of data across databases. To reach this goal, it is necessary to develop a description of the surface hydrology concepts that is internally consistent and semantically rich. In this paper, w...

Introduction An early textbook in hydrology (Mead 1919) contains a remarkable chapter on ground water as well as two chapters on geology. The author, Daniel W. Mead, a professor of hydraulic and sanitary engineering at the University of Wisconsin (now the University of WisconsinMadison), based the text on lecture notes (published earlier, Mead [1904]) for his course in general hydrology. In fac...

Abstract High-altitude ecosystems react sensitively to hydroclimatic triggers. Here we evaluated the ecological and hydrological changes in a glacier-influenced lake (Hala Hu, China) since last glacial. Rapid fluctuations of aquatic biomarker concentrations, ratios, hydrogen isotope values, from 15 14,000 8 5000 years before present, provided evidence for regime shifts hydrology. In contrast, m...