With each isolating block for a homeomorphism of an orientable manifold we associate a cup product pairing. Up to an isomorphism, this is a pairing of the discrete Conley indices of the homeomorphism and its inverse on the isolating block. We show that this pairing is nondegenerate. As a corollary we prove a time duality result for the discrete Conley index. 0. Introduction The observation that...

We have developed an approach for directly isolating an intact multi-protein chromatin remodeling complex from mammalian cell extracts using synthetic peptide affinity reagent 4. FOG1(1-15), a short peptide sequence known to target subunits of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, was joined via a 35-atom hydrophilic linker to the StreptagII peptide. Loading this peptide ont...

carnation etched ring virus (cerv) is a member of the caulimovirus genus of the caulimoviridae. the virus is the second most important virus of carnation around the world and the only dna virus among infecting viruses of carnation. the virus infected plants were collected from greenhouse in chenaran and two fragments of ~1500 bp and ~1000 bp respectively for coat protein and movement protein we...

5. The three-dimensional structure of the hammerhead ribozyme 262 5.1 Enzyme–inhibitor complexes 262 5.2 Enzyme–substrate complex in the initial state 264 5.3 Hammerhead ribozyme self-cleavage in the crystal 264 5.4 The requirement for a conformational change 265 5.5 Capture of conformational intermediates using crystallographic freeze-trapping 266 5.6 The structure of a hammerhead ribozyme ‘ea...

The generation of large mutant libraries for in vitro enzyme evolution presents the challenge of effectively screening libraries of 10(4)-10(7) mutants on the basis of simultaneously assaying their biocatalytic activity. In this review, we highlight the main steps involved in this process, describe the alternative approaches to address this challenge, survey the state-of-the-art technology and ...

The relationship between numerical advantage and competitive ability is a fundamental component in contests between groups of social animals. An individual's ability to correctly assess the numerical state of its group is of vital importance. In addition to numerical dominance, the group's fighting ability also plays an important role in competitive interactions. By staging experimental fights ...

This paper describes the development of fully-automated synthesis systems for preparing and isolating various kinds of pharmaceutical compounds. The systems are versatile, and are able to perform most of the chemical reactions currently used in organic chemistry, with the exception of hydrogenation which requires high pressure. An additional benefit is the very user-friendly software.

AIM To provide a more efficient method for isolating DNA from peripheral blood for use in diagnostic DNA mutation analysis. METHODS The use of blood impregnated filter paper and Chelex-100 in DNA isolation was evaluated and compared with standard DNA isolation techniques. RESULTS In polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays of five point mutations, identical results were obtained with DN...

A comparison was made of enrichment broths for recovery of Campylobacter jejuni from food by the methods of Doyle and Roman (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:1343-1353) and of Park et al. (Can. J. Microbiol. 27:841-842). No significant differences were found between the results obtained with the two broths. Recovery was greater, however, with a constant gas flow into the broths than with an evacuat...

Substrate sequences surrounding catalytic RNAs but not involved in specific, conserved interactions can severely interfere with in vitro ribozyme activity. Using model group II intron precursor transcripts with truncated or randomized exon sequences, we show that unspecific sequences within the 5' exon are particularly prone to inhibit both the forward and the reverse first splicing step (branc...