abstract i the purpose of this study was to launch a thorough investigation concerning the possibility of differing orientations to the writing proficiency construct by native and non-native english speaking teacher raters. it mainly revolved around the international english language testing system (ielts) that is widely administered and employed as a measure of general proficiency in englis...

abstract this paper discusses several commonly used models for strategic marketing¹ including market environmental analysis methods (i.e. swot and pest analysis) and strategic marketing tools and techniques (i.e. boston matrix and shell directional policy matrix)and shows how these models may help a firm to achieve its strategic goals. at first, the main reason for doing this research is de...

چکیده : آرای صادره از دادگاه ها علاوه بر شیوه های عادی از طریق فوق العاده نیز قابل اعتراض و رسیدگی مجدد هستند. در مواقعی که رای دادگاه مخل به حقوق ثالث باشد وی می تواند به ان اعتراض کند. قلمرو شمول اعتراض ثالث به تصمیمات قضایی که از آن به رای تعبیر شده محدود می گردد. ولی در مورد قرارها که به اعدادی و نهایی تفکیک می شوند، چون هیچ رویه ثابت و مشخصی در این زمینه در دادگاهها وجود نداشته و همچنین ا...

abstract over the past two decades, applied linguists and language teachers have shown a great deal of interest in genre-centered approaches , mainly because of pedagogic concerns . this has been due to the need to help non-native readers enhance their ability to understand academic and scientific texts. following swales’ (1981) works on genre analysis, studies of different sections of resear...

the purpose of this study was to examine the comparative effect of story retelling and role playing on efl learners’ vocabulary learning and reading comprehension. to carry out the purpose of the study 90 female learners of tabarestan language school located in noshahr were non-randomly selected. they took pet test and among these 90 participants 62 students were selected as homogenous learners...

abstract: postmethod is a newly developed pedagogy which as an alternative to method rejects the notion of good or bad methods and the concept of best method that can be generalized and appropriate for all contexts. instead, it treats each context as unique and one of a kind which cant be compared with other cases. this study is a postmethod-oriented one which investigates whether and how far t...

short story as an important literary genre in the recent decade is focused by many of young writers and literary critical with searching structure, content , artistic techniques and cognitive phenomenon of these works , we can show quantity of using some parts of storied literature from new literal techniques of the word and also we can show the usage of native, cultural and social foundation...

the main purpose of this study was to investigate any relationship between high school efl teachers metaphorical understandings of their role in class and their self-efficacy beliefs. teachers metaphors were elicited through two different prompts: one picturing what they believed a language teacher should be like in class, and the other demonstrating what they are actually like in class; such...

the effect of learning strategies on the speaking ability of iranian students in the context of language institutes abstract language learning strategies are of the most important factors that help language learners to learn a foreign language and how they can deal with the four language skills specifically speaking skill effectively. acknowledging the great impact of learning strategies...

monumental changes occurring on a daily basis have altered the world into a global village of expanding technology and shrinking geography in which preparing language learners for intercultural communication seems to be a sine qua non for modern language education. employing a cross-sectional design in its first phase, this study investigated the intercultural sensitivity and language proficien...