The possible pathways of oxidative stress in anaerobic exercise includes transient and acute muscular deoxygenation, which resembles the ischemiareperfusion, xanthine oxidase activation, catecholamine autoxidation, and NADPH oxidase activation, prostanoid metabolism, phagocyte respiratory burst activity, disruption of iron containing proteins, and altered calcium homeostasis. 5 Mechanical stres...

introduction: penetrating cardiac injuries generally occur secondary to gunshot or stab wounds and have a high mortality rate. they are rare and often fatal in children. when a foreign object penetrates the myocardium, it is dangerous to remove it, suddenly, and should be removed gradually to prevent excessive bleeding. case report: we report a case of an unusual penetrating cardiac injury in a...

introduction: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase-2 (nox2) is one of the predominant sources of ros production during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and can be induced by angiotensin ii. the evidence suggests that pharmacological blockers of renin-angiotensin system can exert direct tissue effects independent of their ability to regulate blood pressure. the mechanism(s)...

Meng, Xianzhong, Brian D. Shames, Edward J. Pulido, Daniel R. Meldrum, Lihua Ao, Kyung S. Joo, Alden H. Harken, and Anirban Banerjee. Adrenergic induction of bimodal myocardial protection: signal transduction and cardiac gene reprogramming. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R1525–R1533, 1999.—This study tested the hypothesis that in vivo norepinephrine (NE) treatme...

Background—Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure and ischemiareperfusion injury. Effects of TNF-a are initiated by membrane receptors coupled to sphingomyelinase signaling and include altered metabolism and calcium cycling, contractile dysfunction, and cell death. We postulate that pressureoverload hypertrophy results in increased myocardial TNF-...

Kuzume, Koh, Kazuyo Kuzume, Zhiping Cao, Lijuan Liu, and Donna M. Van Winkle. Long-term infusion of Met-enkephalin fails to protect murine hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288: H1717–H1723, 2005. First published November 18, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00257.2004.—Recently, we reported that exogenous administration of Met-enkephalin (ME) for 24 h reduce...

Wang M, Zhang W, Crisostomo P, Markel T, Meldrum KK, Fu XY, Meldrum DR. Endothelial STAT3 plays a critical role in generalized myocardial proinflammatory and proapoptotic signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H2101–H2108, 2007. First published August 3, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00125.2007.—Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is involved in mediating a broad ran...

Wang, Lianguo, Gennady Cherednichenko, Lisa Hernandez, Jessica Halow, S. Albert Camacho, Vincent Figueredo, and Saul Schaefer. Preconditioning limits mitochondrial Ca21 during ischemia in rat hearts: role of KATP channels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 280: H2321–H2328, 2001.—Prolonged myocardial ischemia results in an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca]i), which is thought ...

RECENT EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE suggests that the anion nitrite represents an important storage form of nitric oxide (NO) that subsequently regulates a number of very important physiological activities (2–5, 10). This is a radical concept because nitrite was largely considered to be a biologically inert breakdown product of NO that served no physiological purpose. In fact, circulating nitrite leve...

TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest, in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, the article by Ge and colleagues (3) regarding neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-induced myocardial no-reflow in ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury. The authors demonstrated that NET formation was detected in I/R-challenged myocardium of animal model, and the combination treatment...