Named entity recognition for morphologically rich, case-insensitive languages, including the majority of semitic languages, Iranian languages, and Indian languages, is inherently more difficult than its English counterpart. Worse still, progress on machine learning approaches to named entity recognition for many of these languages is currently hampered by the scarcity of annotated data and the ...

This article examines the Greek noun σαγγάνδης ‘messenger’ which is attested in two lexica, dated to Roman or early Byzantine periods: Cambridge Rhetorical Lexicon by an anonymous author and Difficult Words Attic Orators Claudius Casilo. In both works, appears together with three words of likely Iranian provenance: ὀροσάγγης ‘benefactor Persian king; bodyguard’, παρασάγγης ‘parasang; messenger’...

The present study set out to identify the problematic areas of pronunciation among Iranian female EFL learners. Further, this study investigated the relationship between empathy and authentic pronunciation, along with gender as a moderator variable. Comparing segmental features and phonological processes of both languages helped teachers to predict the target errors. To reach such a goa...

arabic and persian poems have numerous common points and poets of these two languages share the  same point in style, subject, structure and music of poetry. mahdi akhavan thaleth, famous iranian poet, and boland al-heidari, well-known iraqi poet,  are among poets who have many similarities in their works. as an example, there are some conceptual and verbal  similarities between qasedak and sae...

cognitive science has found out that languages typically make use of conceptual metaphors to concretize abstract meanings. conceptual metaphor explains a target domain which is abstract via a source domain which is concrete. in other words, conceptual metaphor compares an abstract domain with a concrete one and thus makes it understandable for listeners/readers. this article studies the concept...

It was claimed by variationists that languages experience variation at all levels, which is supposed to be patterned. The present study aimed at exploring how variation occurred in English and Persian wh-questions. More specifically, it investigated whether such a variation was systematic and patterned. To this end, a modified version of the Edinburgh Map Task was used in data collection. The p...

Various religions were transmitted through the Silk Roads, a famous system of trade routes. For this transmission, Iranian speakers played vital role. They travelled on migrating and establishing colonies alongside their networks leading to geographical expansion activity fields. Because vast activities, some languages are counted as lingua franca, or shared language for communication, Roads. T...

Abstract This study investigates borrowability of basic vocabularies such as kinship terms, body parts, and natural weather terms in nine bilingual villages Northeastern Iran. The surveyed serve a rich area for linguistic societal change. Speakers these speak at least one or more languages including Turkish, Turkmen (Turkic), Balochi (Indo-Iranian), Arabic (Semitic). These are widely spoken the...