the purpose of this study was to evaluate sport marketing mix factor and its seven components (production, price, promotion, place, public relations, people and physical evidence) in football premier league from the viewpoint of managers of physical education organization and football federation of islamic republic of iran. for this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire (cronbach's alph...

Abstract The topic of this study has been the examination and comparison competitive balance Spanish English first leagues soccer, called La Liga Santander Barclays Premier League. basis for research project provided by a database sixteen hundred elements, containing data two starting from 2014/2015 season up to 2017/2018 season. When choosing time period study, we intended avoid having deal wi...

OBJECTIVES To determine (i) noise exposure levels of spectators at a FIFA 2010 designated training stadium during a premier soccer league match; and (ii) changes in auditory functioning after the match. METHODS This was a one-group pretest-post-test design of football spectators attending a premier soccer league match at a designated FIFA 2010 training stadium in Gauteng, South Africa. Indivi...

In this paper, we examined the relationship of sports performance and revenue generation in the English Premier League (EPL) to understand how on field impacts financial professional football clubs. Further, verified if increased wage expenses help improve performance. Independent dynamic models were estimated by GMM panel data including N = 28 EPL teams a reduced set excluding top six teams...

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of preseason lower-extremity range of motion (ROM) on the risk of muscle strain injury during a competitive season for elite soccer players. Thirty-six elite male soccer players (age, 25.6 +/- 4.7 years) had maximum static ROM for 6 movements of the lower extremity measured prior to the 2003-2004 English Premier League season. Player age, ...

(1) Background: Differential RPE (dRPE) separates scores for breathlessness (RPE-B), leg muscle exertion (RPE-L) and technical/cognitive exertion (RPE-T). Limited information for dRPE is available in soccer match play, yet these measurements may help inform practitioners training and recovery strategies. This preliminary study investigated the effects of playing position and contextual factors ...

Clustering is a data mining technique of grouping set of data objects into multiple groups or clusters so that objects within the cluster have high similarity, but are very dissimilar to the objects in the other clusters. Fuzzy C-Means is the most widely used method where an element may have partial membership grades in more than one fuzzy cluster. This paper makes use of MATLAB language to pro...

BACKGROUND Waterpolo consists of a combination of swimming and throwing with close contact between players. The shoulder is the most frequently injured joint, with a combination of rotator cuff tear and tendinopathy, long head biceps tendinopathy, superior labral lesions and shoulder impingement. This unique combination is a challenge for the clinician who must determine which of these shoulder...

Atmospheres are experiences of place involving transformations consumers’ behaviors and emotions. Existing marketing research reveals how atmospheric stimuli, service performances, ritual place-making enhance create value for firms. Yet it remains unclear shared atmosphere emerge intensify among groups people during collective live events. Accordingly, this article uses sociological interaction...