Transient optical absorption and M-edge XANES identifies the predominant formation of an iron( iii ) ion pair state over desired ii )/iron( iv )-oxo as source poor photon-to-product yield in μ-oxo iron bisporphyrin photocatalysts.

Convective radial energy flux due to resonant magnetic perturbations and magnetic curvature at the tokamak plasma edge Modification of the formation of high-Mach number electrostatic shock-like structures by the ion acoustic instability Phys. Generation of magnetic field and electrostatic shock wave driven by counterstreaming pair plasmas A pair of curved shocks in a collisionless plasma is exa...

The main factor affecting the economics of foam-assisted water alternative gas (FAWAG) process is the loss of foaming agent by adsorption onto reservoir rocks. In this study, the effects of phases, surfactant concentration, salinity, adsorbents, and sacrificial agent on adsorption density were investigated by special adsorption experiments. Moreover, a series of FAWAG tests were performed to ex...

The determination and comparison of the structures of a number of glutamate dehydrogenases that span the spectrum of thermal stability from mesophiles to hyperthermophiles have revealed that the formation of extended ion-pair networks is a major stabilizing feature in the adaptation of the organism to life at 100 degrees C. Analysis of the structures of other hyperthermophilic proteins has show...

trans-(DMPE)(2)Ru(H)(NH(2)) (1) dehydrogenates cyclohexadiene and 9,10-dihydroanthracene to yield benzene (or anthracene), (DMPE)(2)Ru(H)(2), and ammonia. Addition of fluorene to 1 results in the formation of the ion pair [trans-(DMPE)(2)Ru(H)(NH(3))(+)][A(-)] (A(-) = fluorenide, 4a). Complex 1 also reacts with weak acids A-H (A-H = phenylacetylene, 1,2-propadiene, phenylacetonitrile, 4-(alpha,...

barrier to the permeation of most drugs, and especially as a hydrophobic barrier against hydrophilic drugs and ionized drugs. One possible means of facilitating the transdermal delivery of ionic drugs is through ion-pair formation. Oppositely charged ions can interact to form new species known as ion-pairs. This association reduces or neutralizes electrostatic charges and consequently reduces t...

clonidine hydrochloride is an antihypertensive agent used for migraine prophylaxis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, menopausal flushing and tourette syndrome. the quantity of the active substance in pharmaceutical preparations must be within specific limits, in agreement with the respective label claim. therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the conditions for two spectroph...

MP2/aug'-cc-pVTZ calculations have been carried out to investigate the halogen-bonded complexes formed when CO and CS act as electron-pair donors through C to ClF, ClNC, ClCl, ClOH, ClCN, ClCCH, and ClNH₂. CO forms only complexes stabilized by traditional halogen bonds, and all ClY molecules form traditional halogen-bonded complexes with SC, except ClF which forms only an ion-pair complex. Ion-...