today trade is the basis of development of any societies that with its expansion, the industrial enterprises, takes advantage of its benefits and enhances their productivity. also they earn competitive advantage and further providing domestic needs, can capture the new markets. among these, the role of imports in trade is very important because the import of capital and intermediate inexpensive...

This paper is the first to analyse impact of free trade agreements (FTAs) and harmonisation rules origin (RoO) on Middle East North African (MENA) countries’ exports differentiating between final intermediate goods for a global sample partners. Data from four MENA countries (Egypt, Jordan, Morocco Tunisia) 61 destinations over period 1995–2016 are used estimate structural gravity model applying...

viewpoints related to busines cycles fluctutions and their use in economic anticipation process have drawn the attention of various intellectual spectrum and economic schools. this has, in turn, caused the formation of a modern scientific area known as future study. according to the major aims of this field of this field of knowledge, business cycles future changes and the variables affecting t...

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This paper investigates the contributions of staggered price contracts, staggered wage contracts, and an input-output production structure in generating the observed persistence of real output and inflation, and the weak but persistent response of real wages following monetary shocks. It examines the interactions of these three mechanisms in a dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) environment, with...

The paper surveys the literature on optimal taxation with emphasis on intermediate goods, or, more specific, freight (road) transport. There are two models frequently used, first, the one emanated from Diamond & Mirrlees’ (1971) paper, where the production efficiency lemma made it clear that intermediate goods was not to be taxed. And, second, the Ramsey-Boiteux model where a cost-of-service re...

The increasingly global fragmentation of production is a central topic of the international trade economics research agenda. The agent based model presented in this paper tries to combine in a unique coherent schema two usually distinct fields of internationalization analysis: from one side firms’ selling decisions (i.e., the choice to export or to invest directly abroad) and from the other sid...

e xchange rate is an important factor influencing price indices of exported goods of a country in different ways. imported intermediate commodity is one of the important ways by which the change in exchange rate affects price indices of the exported goods. using the input-output table of iran for the year 2001, this paper investigates the impact of exchange rate devaluation on price indices of ...

In thiswork, the depreciation effect of public goods is considered in the public goods games, which is realized by rescaling the multiplication factor r of each group as r ′ = r( nc G ) β (β ≥ 0). It is assumed that each individual enjoys the full profit r of the public goods if all the players of this group are cooperators. Otherwise, the value of public goods is reduced to r . It is found tha...