In this paper, we consider the Integrate-andFire Model (ab. IFM) with two periodic inputs. The IFM outputs a pulse-train which is governed by a one dimensional return map. Using the return map, the relationship between the inputs and the output is clarified: the first input determines the global shape of the return map and the IFM outputs various periodic and chaotic pulse-trains; the second in...

It is pointed out that self-organized criticality (SOC) in systems of soft gluons manifest itself not only in large-rapidity gap (LRG) events, but also in normal events in small-xB deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering processes. It is suggested that the following empirical facts are direct consequences of SOC in systems of interacting soft gluons which dominate the small-xB region: The stru...

We extend the method of recurrence plots to cross recurrence plots (CRP) which enables a nonlinear analysis of bivariate data. To quantify CRPs, we introduce three measures of complexity mainly basing on diagonal structures in CRPs. The CRP analysis of prototypical model systems with nonlinear interactions demonstrates that this technique enables to find these nonlinear interelations from bivar...

BACKGROUND Statistical tests of heterogeneity are very popular in meta-analyses, as heterogeneity might indicate subgroup effects. Lack of demonstrable statistical heterogeneity, however, might obscure clinical heterogeneity, meaning clinically relevant subgroup effects. METHODS A qualitative, visual method to explore the potential for subgroup effects was provided by a modification of the fo...

Models of habitat fragmentation have mainly explored the effects on a few-species ecologies or on a hierarchical community of competitors. These models reveal that, under different conditions, ecosystem response can involve sharp changes when some given thresholds are reached. However, perturbations, recruitment limitation and other causes may prevent competitive hierarchies from actually opera...

Once a patient has initiated an antiepileptic drug (AED) and achieved a sustained period of seizure freedom, the decision to discontinue AED should be balanced against continuation of AED therapy indefinitely. Studies show that the rate of seizure recurrence after AED withdrawal is about two to three times the rate in patients who continue AEDs. However, there are many benefits to AED withdrawa...

BACKGROUND: Nutrient management is one of the most important factors that affect the growth and production of maize. OBJECTIVES: Current research was conducted to investigate the effect of Mycorrhizas and vermicompost on seed yield, its components and quantities traits such as concentration of protein, starch, zinc, potassium and nitrogen of corn seed.<br...

  Introduction : The innate immune system as the first line of defense against the pathogens recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Interaction of bacterial PAMPs by TLRs results in activation of innate and acquired immunity. FimH adhesin, a minor component of type 1 fimbriae encoded by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a PAMP of TLR4 tha...