Laser-enhanced cavitation during high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was studied in vivo using a small animal model. Laser light was employed to illuminate the sample concurrently with HIFU radiation. The resulting cavitation was detected with a passive cavitation detector. The in vivo measurements were made under different combinations of HIFU treatment depths, laser wavelengths, and HIFU...

Abstract Benchmarking incentivizes fund managers to invest a fraction of their funds’ assets in benchmark indexes, and such demand is inelastic. We construct measure inelastic stock attracts, benchmarking intensity (BMI), computed as its cumulative weight all benchmarks, weighted by following each benchmark. Exploiting the Russell 1000/2000 cutoff, we show that changes stocks’ BMIs instrument f...