Why did the nation-state proliferate across the world over the past 200 years, replacing empires, kingdoms, city-states, and the like? Using a new dataset with information on 145 of today’s states from 1816 to the year they achieved nation-statehood, we test key aspects of modernization, world polity, and historical institutionalist theories. Event history analysis shows that a nation-state is ...

European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD United Kingdom Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York NY 10016 USA College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens NY 11439 USA Lawrence Berkeley National Lab...

Higher education is the integral part of social infrastructure which determines destiny any nation. Public policy on one most significant areas contemporary development strategy and in a developing country like India, investment assumes important place such policy. The higher sector India has witnessed paradigm shift recent years, order to shape future economic progress it necessary expand, res...

the current study assessed the climate change impacts on land productivity of major food and non-food grain crops in india. we compiled panel data for 30 years (1980-2009) using fifteen crops across thirteen agriculture intensive states. the value of production for each crop is estimated by farm harvest price (at constant prices, 1993-1994). aggregate value of production on per hectare land is ...

Introduction: In recent years, a number of researchers have recognized signs of past glacial activity on Mars and features that could be extant rock glaciers [1,2]. There has also been the recognition of " pasted on " terrains which are interpreted as dust-covered snow or ice deposits [3]. Many of these features are attributed to relatively recent (within the last several million years) periods...

In this study, a novel approach which uses combination of steganography and cryptography for hiding information into digital images as host media is proposed. In the process, secret data is first encrypted using the mono-alphabetic substitution cipher method and then the encrypted secret data is embedded inside an image using an algorithm which combines the random patterns based on Space Fillin...

the aim of this study is to discuss and critically review the intelligent agents (ia) and their recent developments. the report will particularly focus on the area of intelligent agents and information retrieval and how this technology is aiding users of databases. this report commences with a discussion of what intelligent agents are and it reviews the qualities they are generally expected to ...

BACKGROUND Classification of menopausal status is important for epidemiological and clinical studies as well as for clinicians treating midlife women. Most epidemiological studies, including the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), classify women based on self-reported bleeding history. METHODS The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study developed an algorithm using men...