Wheat straw is one of the main agricultural residues of interest for bioethanol production. This work examines conversion of steam-pretreated wheat straw (using SO2 as a catalyst) in a hybrid process consisting of a short enzymatic prehydrolysis step and a subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) step with a xylose-fermenting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A successf...

The latency-associated transcript (LAT) is required for efficient reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from latent infection in the rabbit eye model, but LAT's mechanism of action is unknown. In addition to reactivation, the LAT region seems to correspond to multiple functions, with some LAT deletion mutants exhibiting increased virulence, increased neuronal death, and restricted establi...

The comparison of antimicrobial properties of sodium metasilicate (SMS) to conventional chlorine applications in pre and postchill processing of poultry was evaluated. Fresh broiler chicken breast skin was cut aseptically into 5×5 cm portions and treated with either water only (negative control), inoculum+water (positive control, 10 cfu/mL of Salmonella Typhimurium), inoculum +50 ppm chlorine s...

Since washed cells of Lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830 frequently showed erratic results in vitamin B(12) assays, a depletion technique was used to stabilize the inoculum. The method consisted of incubating the twice-washed cells at 37 C for 45 min in distilled water. Survival and growth studies indicated that the stabilizing procedure (i) did not affect cell numbers, (ii) was optimal for de...

Four hundred and forty-seven human tumor specimens were accessioned and processed for clonogenic assay, yielding 374 specimens, representing 23 different histiotypes, adequate for culture. Different levels of viable cell inoculum density produced contrasting effects between 255 solid tumors as compared to 72 malignant effusions and 47 bladder washings. All parameters for solid tumor growth were...

Hydrolysis is the rate limiting step for particulate/solid substrates under anaerobic digestion. The first order kinetic model is commonly applied to describe this step and it can be determined by anaerobic batch test. In this paper we assess three issues with respect to defining the hydrolysis rate constant; source of inoculum, influence of substrate to inoculum ratio and the pre-incubation ti...

A two-step method was developed to evaluate potato resistance to black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Tuber piece inoculum was first conducted in the laboratory, which was also first reported in this study. After inoculation with pathogen discs and culture for 48 h, the necrotic spots on the inoculated potato pieces were generated and measured by the crossing method. Further evaluation was...

Mead is a traditional drink that contains 8%-18% (v/v) of ethanol, resulting from the alcoholic fermentation of diluted honey by yeasts. Mead fermentation is a time-consuming process and the quality of the final product is highly variable. Therefore, the present investigation had two main objectives: first, to determine the adequate inoculum size of two commercial wine-making strains of Sacchar...

The effect of two media, three pH values, and three inoculum densities on the activity of ceftizoxime and Sch-34343 against anaerobic bacteria was evaluated. The activities of both antimicrobial agents were affected by medium composition, especially against Bacteroides fragilis. Changes in pH and inoculum size affected only the activity of ceftizoxime against anaerobic bacteria.