Many important high quality cultivars are becoming increasingly susceptible to the scab pathogen. Two such cultivars, 'Stuart' and 'Desirable', comprise over one half of Georgia's total pecan acreage. This increasing susceptibility has often been attributed to the increased prevalence of once rare races of scab that are able to infect these cultivars. Demaree and Cole (1929) were the first to d...

The role of piliation in the development and course of acute pulmonary infection was examined using infant BALB/cByJ mice inoculated by intranasal instillation of isogenic Pil+ and Pil- mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1244, PAK, and PAO1. The piliated strains caused more cases of pneumonia, bacteremia, and mortality than the nonpiliated strains (chi-square analysis, alpha = 0.001). The pili...

Recovery of still-soft tissue structures, including blood vessels and osteocytes, from dinosaur bone after demineralization was reported in 2005 and in subsequent publications. Despite multiple lines of evidence supporting an endogenous source, it was proposed that these structures arose from contamination from biofilm-forming organisms. To test the hypothesis that soft tissue structures result...

The introduction of Sc/Zr inoculates to aluminium (Al) alloys for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) provides numerous benefits, including processability improvement, solidification microstructure control and mechanical property enhancement. Though great efforts have been put into tailoring the room temperature properties via process parameter optimisations, potential roles inoculate modified Al hi...

This study was performed to evaluate the adaption of the impedimetric method to detect the lytic infection by Salmonella-specific bacteriophages and to provide a higher selectivity to this rapid method in detecting Salmonella spp. by using specific agents. Three bacteriophages and twelve strains of Salmonella spp. were tested. Each of the twelve strains was used separately to inoculate TSB toge...

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) emerged as an important respiratory pathogen causing acute respiratory tract infection in avian species. Here we used a chicken aMPV subgroup C (aMPV/C) isolate to inoculate experimentally BALB/c mice and found that the aMPV/C can efficiently replicate and persist in the lungs of mice for at least 21 days with a peak viral load at day 6 postinoculation. Lung patholo...

A virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate from an outbreak in commercial poultry, with virulence indices of MDT = 47-48 h; IVPI = 2,17 and ICPI = 1,8; was used to inoculate 10x vaccinated (standard poultry vaccines) as well as 10x unvaccinated slaughter ostriches via intratracheal, ocular and nasal routes, in a controlled environment. All unvaccinated ostriches developed clinical signs (...

After tip (b) has been calibrated to deliver a known amount of water per minute, only one adjustment need be made thereafter in the apparatus, namely the length of tube (a), which projects into bottle B. Since (a) has been calibrated to contact known levels of water in B, this adjustment is simply performed. In order to re-use the apparatus, the rubber stopper in B with its attached tubes, toge...

We give an analysis of a variant of the contact process on finite graphs, allowing for non-uniform cure rates, modeling antidote distribution. We examine an inoculation scheme using PageRank vectors which quantify the correlations among vertices in the contact graph. We show that for a contact graph on n nodes we can select a set H of nodes to inoculate such that with probability at least 1−2 ,...

The production and role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in pneumococcal pneumonia were investigated in a mouse pneumonia model. When approximately 10(6) CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae TUM19 were used to inoculate CBA/J mice intranasally, TNF-alpha levels in the lungs and serum began to increase from 1 and 3 days after infection, respectively, concomitantly with the increase in bacte...