1. OPEN INNOVATION Open innovation was defined by Henry Ches-broug, a professor at Harvard Business School, in 2003. He believes that in an open innovation model, companies should use internal and external strength to develop new products and to commercialize them (Chesbrough, 2005). Figure 1 shows the open innovation model. In the closed innovation model, the steps from new products developmen...

This paper raises the question of whether global innovation systems (GIS), expanded networks actors beyond national boundaries, could be a new sibling perspectives. We argue that in today’s globalized world, it is idoneous to analyze activities context rather than or regional one. To confirm this argument, first, previous research reviewed understand how GIS perspective has emerged and wh...

This paper examines the implications for research into the diffusion of innovations (DOI) arising from a growing body of literature in two related fields. The first area concerns the debate on the role of regional and national systems of innovation (NSI) in the innovation process. The second area deals with the argument that enterprises must move from a “closed innovation” to an “open innovatio...

This is a study of development of a network towards an innovation system in the context of a cluster in mature electronics industry, and how the regional university can contribute as a catalyst in this process. Innovation is acknowledged as one of the most important factors on value creation. Promotion of innovation can be seen as the promotion of clustering and networking because innovation is...

This study sought to identify the important constructs associated with service innovation and elucidate the role of information and communication technology in the innovation management. These phenomena are examined from the perspectives of technology as well as soft innovation. A review of the literature related to service innovation, cultural production, and service systems led to the develop...

The concepts of national systems of innovation suggest that the innovative performance of an economy depends not only on how the individual institutions (e.g. firms, research institutes, universities) perform in isolation, but also on how they interact with each other as elements of collective system of knowledge creation and use, and on their interplay with social institutions (such as values,...