Five different pathways are often suggested as important for bone conducted (BC) sound: (1) sound pressure in the ear canal, (2) inertia of the middle ear ossicles, (3) inertia of the inner ear fluid, (4) compression of the inner ear space, and (5) pressure transmission from the skull interior. The relative importance of these pathways was investigated with an acoustic-impedance model of the in...

Loss-of-function experiments in avians and mammals have provided conflicting results on the capacity of fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) to act as a secreted growth factor responsible for induction and morphogenesis of the vertebrate inner ear. Using a novel technique for gene transfer into chicken embryos, we have readdressed the role of FGF3 during inner ear development in avians. We find th...

The mammalian inner ear forms from a thickened patch of head ectoderm called the otic placode. The placodal ectoderm invaginates to form a cup whose edges cinch together to establish a fluid-filled sac called the otic vesicle or otocyst. The progenitor cells lining the otocyst lumen will give rise to sensory and non-sensory cells of the inner ear. These formative stages of inner ear development...

Objectives: To determine the frequency and factors associated with inner ear anomalies among cochlear implant candidates. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Otolaryngology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from October 2021 to March 2022, comprised patients either gender aged <18 years who received implants. All subjects underwent computed tomography magne...

Various cellular replacement therapies using in vitro generated cells to replace damaged tissue have been proposed as strategies to alleviate hearing loss. All such therapies must involve a complete understanding of the earliest steps in inner ear development; its induction as a thickened plate of cells in the non-neural, surface ectoderm of the embryo, to its internalization as an otocyst embe...

Etiologies for many inner ear disorders, including autoimmune inner ear disease, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and Meniere's disease, remain unknown. Indirect evidence suggests an immune-mediated process involving an allergic or autoimmune mechanism. We examined whether known immunogenic proteins share sequence similarity with inner ear proteins, which may lead to cross-reactivity and detr...

Intratympanic drug delivery refers to drug administration in the middle ear, the main advantage being direct diffusion of substances in the inner ear through the round window membrane with subsequent high intralabiryntine drug concentration and very low systemic side effects. The article is a review of literature concerning the inner ear barrier systems, the physiology of inner ear fluids, intr...

Background. Thanks to the development of technology and new surgical approaches, it has become possible perform cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with malformations inner ear. The experience this type rehabilitation more than 15 years Russian practice 20 world. Unfortunately, COVID-19 pandemic added not only one cause deafness, but also etiological factor complications. purpose paper is de...

The cochlea and vestibular structures of the inner ear labyrinth develop from the otic capsule via step-wise regional and cell fate specification. Each inner ear structure contains a sensory epithelium, composed of hair cells, the mechanosensory transducers, and supporting cells. We examined the spatio-temporal expression of genes in the Notch signaling pathway, Notch receptors (Notch1-4) and t...