background & aim: aflatoxin (af) is the most important fungus that contaminates food and feed and can enter the food chain of humans. the aim of this study was to investigate the ability of thistle seeds (silybum marianum l.) to reduce the adverse effects of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) on the immune system, variables related to the intestine, appearance and mortality of the broiler chickens. exper...

background: black seed (nigella sativa l.) in traditional medicine is well known that the chemical composition of the immune system with many applications in traditional medicine to fight the infection. this study investigated the effect of the plant's role in the immune system and blood protein. experimental: in this study male mice of balb/c strain were divided into four groups tested. contr...

Pregnancy has often been likened to an allograft due to the genetic differences between the mother and her baby. Upon the discovery of the major histocompatibility complex antigens in the 1950s it was reasoned that in order for the mother to tolerate the fetus, the 2 must somehow prevent or suppress an immune response that could result because of their immunogenetic differences. Initial hypothe...

The urines of two unrelated children with inherited deficiencies of purine nucleoside phosphorylase have been found to contain significant quantities of orotic acid in addition to the previously reported purine nucleosides. The data are consistent with some cell types of these immunodeficient patients being deplete of pyrophosphoribosylphosphate, a precursor of both purine, and pyrimidine nucle...