extended abstract 1. introduction urbanization is a process which leads to the growth of cities and urban changes due to industrialization and economic development. in other words, urbanization is an inevitable and demographic force and movement which should not be neglected. informal settlements, which took place in europe after the industrial revolution at the time of the transition from the ...

Many threatened birds use the mosaic of agricultural landscapes for foraging and breeding. Despite reliance many species on these habitats, few studies have investigated factors influencing breeding ecology storks in landscapes. We assessed site-level variables (tree height location nest tree; human habitation or non-human habitation), colony-level (colony size chicks per nest), landscape-level...

Mamre's history spans the period of Khoikhoi habitation of the area to the present-day village. In 1808 a Moravian mission station was established there. The church remains an important feature of the modernising community, which is currently under secular control.

The Wage Elasticity of Informal Care Supply: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study This paper focuses on the relationship between wages and supply of informal care to elderly parents. Unlike most of the previous research estimating wage elasticities of informal care supply, this study employs instrumental variable technique to account for the fact that the wage rate is likely to be corr...

The aims of this study were to analyse (1) whether informal care, provided by children or grandchildren to their elderly parents, and formal care are substitutes or complements, and (2) whether this relationship differs across Europe. The analyses were based on cross-sectional data from the newly developed SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe) database. We found (1) that in...