Trauma-hemorrhage (TH) promotes acute lung injury (ALI) and other pulmonary-related complications in part through an exaggerated inflammatory response. Studies have implicated γδ T cells in the development of inflammatory complications after major injury; however, it is unknown whether γδ T cells play a role in the development of ALI after TH. To study this, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and δ TCR mic...

Background: The primary phase of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) starts by a complex local inflammatory reaction such as secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglia and injured cells that substantially contribute to exacerbating pathogenic events in secondary phase. Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Acetylation of histones is critical to cellular inflammatory...

objective(s):bradykinin is a part of the kinin-kallikreinsystem which is involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury via b1 and b2 receptors.noscapine is a non-competitive antagonist of bradykinin receptors. noscapine has been reported to to be able to protect some organs against ischemia-reperfusion injury but its effect on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (rir) in rats is unknown. therefore, the...

Intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly severe type of stroke accounting for 10–15 % of all strokes and is associated with a mortality rate of 30–50%. Neuroinflammation contributes to ICH-induced secondary brain injury and understanding the mechanisms causing neuroinflammation can be helpful to find new treatments of ICH. Recent studies demonstrated that toll like receptor...

introduction: spinal cord injuries are accompanied with significant demyelination of axons and subsequent locomotor dysfunction. to identify the extent of damage following electrolytic lesion of ventrolateral white matter, essential area for initiation of locomotor activity, we assessed demyelination as well as alteration in motor performance. moreover, the protective effect of estradiol as a c...

PURPOSE Ethyl pyruvate has anti-inflammatory properties and protects organs from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced tissue injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether ethyl pyruvate decreases the inflammatory response after regional I/R injury and whether ethyl pyruvate protects against delayed regional I/R injury in an in vivo rat heart model after a 24 hours reperfusion. MATERIAL...

intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ich) is a particularly severe type of stroke accounting for 10–15 % of all strokes and is associated with a mortality rate of 30–50%. neuroinflammation contributes to ich-induced secondary brain injury and understanding the mechanisms causing neuroinflammation can be helpful to find new treatments of ich. recent studies demonstrated that toll like receptor 2 (tlr2) fo...

Inflammation is a major factor shaping outcome during the early, acute phase of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). It is known that pro-inflammatory signaling within the injured spinal cord drives pathological alterations in neurosensory processing and shapes functional outcome early after injury. However, it is unclear whether inflammation persists into the chronic phase of injury or shapes s...

The administration of bradykinin may attenuate ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury by acting on B(2)Rs. Blockade of B(2)R has also been shown to ameliorate lesions associated with I/R injury. In an attempt to explain these contradictory results, the objective of the present work was to investigate the role of and interaction between B(1) and B(2) receptors in a model of intestinal I/R injury ...

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving clinical treatment but it can induce or aggravate lung injury. New therapeutic strategies, aimed at reducing the negative effects of mechanical ventilation such as excessive production of reactive oxygen species, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and transmigration as well as activation of neutrophil cells, are needed to improve the clinical outcome ...