We introduce a property of mutation loops, called the sign stability, with focus on an asymptotic behavior iteration tropical $\mathcal{X}$-transformation. A sign-stable loop has numerical invariant which we call cluster stretch factor, in analogy that pseudo-Anosov mapping class marked surface. compute algebraic entropies $\mathcal{A}$- and $\mathcal{X}$-transformations induced by loop, conclu...

introduction: cleft lips and cleft palates are common congenital abnormalities in children. various chromosomal loci have been suggested to be responsible the development of these abnormalities. the present study was carried out to investigate the association between the suspected genes (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [mthfr] a1298c and c677t) that might contribute into the etiology of the...

Objective(s):  Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) is a high throughput approach for screening DNA sequence variations. To assess oven calibration, cartridge performance, buffer composition and stability, the WAVE Low and High Range Mutation Standards are employed to ensure reproducibility and accuracy of the chromatographic analysis. The purpose of this study was to provi...

HE previously reported X-ray-induced back mutations of the recessive sexT inked mutants yellow-2 (yz), scute (sc) and white-apricot (w”) (GREEN 1961a) supplemented and extended existing data for Drosophila melanogaster on induced back mutations of the forked mutants f’ and f”” and white-ivory (wz) (MULLER and OSTER 1957; GREEN 1959a; LEFEVRE and GREEN 1959; LEWIS 1959) and leave little doubt th...

A new mutation in the htpR (rpoH) gene of Escherichia coli K-12 was identified. The mutation resulted in a temperature-sensitive phenotype in terms of cell growth and bacteriophage lambda development. As in the case of the classical htpR tsn-165 mutation, synthesis of heat shock polypeptides was not induced in strains carrying the mutation described here.