Conventionally, in specific diseases, patients receive similar therapies; relying on a "one size fits all" approach. The discovery of P5 (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory, and psycho-cognitive) improves personalized diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Considering the high prevalence, mortality rate, and complexity of cancers, there is a critical necessity to choose specific ...

Cancer therapy agents have been used extensively as cytotoxic drugs against tissue or organ of a specific type of cancer. With the better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and cellular events during cancer progression and metastasis, it is now possible to use targeted therapy for these molecular events. Targeted therapy is able to identify cancer patients with diss...

Lack of intelligent genetic testing recommendation systems that leverage a high volume of information regarding to available genetic tests, impedes widely incorporating genetic tests into regular clinical practice to further improve healthcare and reduce health cost. To fill this gap, we introduced an integrative genetic testing relevant resource called Genetic Testing Ontology (GTO), which is ...

EXERCISE TESTING is a powerful physiological tool that can provide insights into cardiopulmonary fitness, all-cause mortality, and the risk of death from cardiovascular disease (1, 9). It can also be combined with a variety of other technologies to provide specific insight into a variety of pathophysiological conditions in selected groups of patients. Perhaps most wellknown of these combination...

Humans have evolved along with the millions of microorganisms that populate their bodies. These microbes (10(14)) outnumber human cells by 10 to 1 and account for 3 × 10(6) genes, more than ten times the 25,000 human genes. This microbial metagenome acts as our "other genome" and like our own genes, is unique to the individual. Recent international efforts such as the Human Microbiome Project (...

When considering the variation in the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, and their interaction with the environment, every individual can be rightfully considered as a unique biological entity. Individualized medicine promises to take this uniqueness into account to optimize disease treatment and thereby improve health benefits for every patient. The success of individualized medic...

Advances in the field of human genetics have made it possible to develop specific management and prevention strategies for rare genetic disorders, and tailor pharmacotherapeutic approaches to anticoagulation and certain cancers. The role that genetic variation plays in influencing the risk and outcome of the most common diseases are still unclear. Data from genome-wide association studies is ju...

Treatment options for early laryngeal cancer include radiation therapy or surgical resection. It is widely agreed upon that early laryngeal cancer should be managed with only one treatment modality. The debate on which treatment modality is best for early laryngeal cancer has essentially been going on for the last 65 years. Many new developments have impacted the treatment decision making proce...

Individualized, serial production of innovative implants is a major area application for additive manufacturing in the field medicine. Individualized healthcare requires faster delivery implant to clinic or hospital facility. The total process, including data generation using 3D drawings, imaging techniques, printing and post-processing, usually takes up week, especially from risk class III, wh...

  The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is composed of two bundles, which work together to provide both antero-posterior and rotatory stability of the knee. Understanding the anatomy and function of the ACL plays a key role in management of patients with ACL injury. Anatomic ACL reconstruction aims to restore the function of the native ACL. Femoral and tibial tunnels should be placed in their an...