We demonstrate three-dimensional trapping of low-index particles (20-microm-diameter hollow glass spheres in water) by using a single, strongly focused, stationary dark optical vortex laser beam. The holographically generated vortex, which is similar to a TEM(01)* mode beam, was also used to trap and form ring patterns of high-index particles.

Water scarcity is one of the factors limiting plant growth and development. More than onethird of the global terrestrial ecosystems is located in arid and semi-arid regions. The mostimportant limiting factor for plant growth is water shortage. Drought could significantlychange the natural vegetation cover. Rainfall reduction in Iraq, Turkey and Syria hasreduced vegetation cover so that dust sto...

nanosilver of nanometer-sized silver (ag+) particles (2-5 nm diam) are used in various applications as an anti-microbial. boric acid (h3bo3) is water soluble (ph=7). boric acid is ethylene synthese inhibitor and reduce ethylene production through reducing the acc synthase and acc oxidase delays senescence of flower. in this study of different concentrations of boric acid and nano-silver was eva...

Rheological characteristics of Al2O3, CuO and TiO2 nano particles were investigated in oil asthe base fluid at 1 and 2 wt.%. Constitutive relations for non-Newtonian fluid were discussedbased on the power-law model. Measured viscosities of each nanofluid were used to evaluatethe power-law and consistency index. Results indicated that the nanofluid viscosity decreasedby increasing the concentrat...

BACKGROUND Gold nanoparticle toxicity research is currently leading towards the in vivo experiment. Most toxicology data show that the surface chemistry and physical dimensions of gold nanoparticles play an important role in toxicity. Here, we present the in vivo toxicity of 5, 10, 30, and 60 nm PEG-coated gold nanoparticles in mice. METHODS Animal survival, weight, hematology, morphology, or...

the aim of this research was to evaluate some soil physical quality indicators using remotely sensed date, gis and geostatistical methods in baft area that is one of the most important centers of agricultural production in kerman province. therefore, soil samples were collected from 0 to 20cm depth of 183 points based on regular sampling pattern (every 250 meters) and soil physical indicators i...

Why some strains of a species exhibit a certain phenotype (e.g. drug resistant) but not the other strains of the same species is a critical question to answer. Studying the metabolism of the two groups of strains may discover the corresponding pathways that are conserved in the first group but not in the second group. However, only a few tools provide functions to compare two groups of metaboli...

the degree kirchhoff index of a connected graph $g$ is defined as‎ ‎the sum of the terms $d_i,d_j,r_{ij}$ over all pairs of vertices‎, ‎where $d_i$ is the‎ ‎degree of the $i$-th vertex‎, ‎and $r_{ij}$ the resistance distance between the $i$-th and‎ ‎$j$-th vertex of $g$‎. ‎bounds for the degree kirchhoff index of the line and para-line‎ ‎graphs are determined‎. ‎the special case of regular grap...

We consider driven systems where the driving induces jumps in energy space: (1) particles pulsed by a step potential; (2) particles in a box with a moving wall; (3) particles in a ring driven by an electro-motive-force. In all these cases the route towards quantum-classical correspondence is highly non-trivial. Some insight is gained by observing that the dynamics in energy space, where n is th...