Recent years have seen considerable progress in integrating environmental concerns into the mainstream of development policy and planning. Economic instruments designed explicitly for environmental purposes may help to achieve cost-effective solutions, and generate public revenues. Macroeconomic and sectoral policies may impact heavily upon the environment, and there is much scope for policy re...

This paper studies the impact of income inequality on the subjective well-being of different social groups in urban China. We classify urban social groups according to their hukou status: rural migrants, “born” urban residents, and “acquired” urban residents who once changed their hukou identity from rural to urban. We focus on how the horizontal inequality—income disparity between migrants and...

OBJECTIVES To explore whether improvements in psychological well-being occur after increases in fruit and vegetable consumption. METHODS We examined longitudinal food diaries of 12 385 randomly sampled Australian adults over 2007, 2009, and 2013 in the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. We adjusted effects on incident changes in happiness and life satisfaction for peo...

This brief is based on Mathematica’s evaluation of the Santa Clara County Children’s Health Initiative (CHI), an ambitious effort launched in January 2001 to extend health coverage to all uninsured children in Santa Clara County, California. A coalition of community organizations, county agencies, and the local Medicaid health plan developed the initiative to improve the health and well-being o...

This paper provides unprecedented direct evidence from large-scale survey data on both the intensity (how much?) and direction (to whom?) of income comparisons. Income comparisons are considered to be at least somewhat important by three-quarters of Europeans. They are associated with both lower levels of subjective well-being and a greater demand for income redistribution. The rich compare les...

Although recent studies show that human wellbeing on global and national scales is improving, it is important to monitor the regional progress of human wellbeing and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Here we provide an assessment of human wellbeing in the south-west coastal part of Bangladesh by analysing Household Expenditure Survey (HIES) and Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from 1995 ...

This article considers whether the disparate socioeconomic circumstances of families in which white, black, and Hispanic children grow up account for the racial and ethnic gaps in school readiness among American preschoolers. It first reviews why family socioeconomic resources might matter for children's school readiness. The authors concentrate on four key components of parent socioeconomic st...

Research Motivation Policy makers see industrial development as key to aggregate growth, but debate its value as a poverty alleviation strategy. For some, industrial jobs are exploitative and harmful, overworking the poorest, exposing them to health risks or unpleasant working conditions. For them, the key is to regulate these jobs, as well as to encourage people to remain smallholders or suppo...

A simple design of one dimensional gradual stacked photonic crystal has been proposed. This structure exhibits a periodic array of alternate layers of Graphene and Silica. These are the materials of low and high refractive indices respectively. Here the structure considered has three stacks .Each stack has five alternate layers of Graphene and silica. The transfer matrix method has been used fo...

P ublic concern over the affordability of housing arises from two factors. First, housing is the single largest expenditure item in the budgets of most families and individuals. The average household devotes roughly onequarter of income to housing expenditures, while poor and near-poor households commonly devote half of their incomes to housing. These high proportions suggest that small percent...