In Belgium, welfare agencies receive a subsidy to employ welfare recipients for a period sufficiently long to entitle them to unemployment benefits. This work experience program is called Social Employment (SE). We investigate the effect of SE on the exit rate from welfare. We propose a grouping/IV estimator of the SE effect that eliminates selection bias. The estimator is consistent, even if t...

Background Standardized selection of outcomes has been advocated to allow comparison and syntheses of clinical trials’ results in systematic reviews and to avoid outcome selection bias. As health outcomes in children are different from adults, the methodology behind selecting and measuring outcomes should be valid, responsive and feasible for pediatric research. Core Outcome Sets (COS) are a ne...

Methods Many studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of in-patient violence by use of standardized scales such as the SOAS-R. Much research on patient and environment characteristics has been compromised by methodological flaws such as sample selection bias. Epidemiological data on the use of coercive measures is scarcely available in most countries, and different ways of reporting rend...

The influence of player gender on referees’ decision making was experimentally investigated. In Experiment 1, including 145 male handball referees, we investigated (a) the influence of referees’ level of expertise on their decisional biases against women and (b) the referees’ gender stereotypes. Results revealed that biases against women were powerful regardless of the referees’ level of expert...

This article uses the post-Katrina migration as an exogenous shock to test theories of racial threat while minimizing concerns about selection bias. Drawing in part on a new survey of 3,879 respondents, it demonstrates that despite the national concern about issues of race and poverty following Katrina, people in communities that took in evacuees became less supportive of spending to help the p...

Motivated by the empirical findings concerning the importance of one’s current situation on her choice behavior, the main objective of this paper is to propose a rational choice theory that allows for the presence of a status quo bias, and that incorporates the standard choice theory as a special case. We follow a revealed preference approach, and obtain two nested models of rational choice tha...

In this paper we examine whether homeowning benefits children by testing whether children of homeowners stay in school longer than children of renters and whether daughters of homeowners are less likely to have children as teenagers than daughters of renters. We use both probit models and a bivariate probit technique which takes account of possible selection bias due to differences between pare...

This paper studies the effects of land use consolidation on consumption growth of farm households in Rwanda. Data on 1 920 households, observed in two time periods, are used to estimate a first-differenced model using an instrumental variables estimator, which allow the analysis to account for selection bias and placement effects. Results show no significant effect of land use consolidation on ...

This paper examines the importance of labor market dropouts and selection bias in assessing black-white wage convergence by introducing a simple method of imputing wages to nonworkers. When nonworkers are included in the calculations, it is found that real wages of prime age black males increased less than 2 percent over the 1969-96 period in contrast to 9 percent wage growth observed among wor...