This paper presents the response to anthropogenic forcing in GISS-E2.1 climate models for 21st century Shared Socioeconomic Pathways emission scenarios within Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The experiments were performed using an updated and improved version of NASA Goddard Institute Space Studies (GISS) coupled general circulation model that includes two different versi...

The paper reviews base year emission inventories, driving forces, and long-term scenarios of sulfur emissions as background material for developing a new set of IPCC emissions scenarios. The paper concludes that future sulfur emission trends will be spatially heterogeneous (decline in OECD countries, rapid increase particularly in Asia) and therefore cannot be modeled at a global scale only. In...

In this paper we use the CGE model DART to assess the economic impacts and optimality of the different aspects of the EU climate package. A special focus is placed on the 10% biofuel target in the EU. In particular we analyze the development in the biofuel sectors, the effects on agricultural production and prices and finally overall welfare implications. The main findings include that the EU e...

With the accelerating process of urbanization, developing countries are facing growing pressure to pursue energy savings and emission reductions, especially in urban passenger transport. In this paper, we built a Beijing urban passenger transport carbon model, including an economy subsystem, population subsystem, transport subsystem, and energy consumption and CO2 emissions subsystem using Syst...

the importance of energy crisis and global warming necessitates presenting strategies in order to decrease the amount of emissions as well as fuel consumption in large and complex industries such as refineries and petrochemical industries. generally, refinery steam networks are regarded as units which consume fuel enormously. in this paper, the steam network of tehran oil refinery is considered...

We interpret the unique high-energy spectrum of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232 within polar cap scenarios. We show that the spectral data from BeppoSAX 11 and EGRET 9 impose very restrictive limitations on possible radiation mechanisms, energy spectrum of radiating charges as well as viewing geometry. Theoretical spectra are able to reproduce the data, however, this can be achieved provi...

The Institute of Hydrophysics of GKSS Research Center is developing the tools and expertise required for both past reconstructions and future predictions of substance fluxes on a regional scale and over a period of several decades, and to evaluate their impacts to society. The goal is to build our capacity to compare between scenarios, be it scenarios of substance-emission regulations, economic...